取向晶体中的相对论粒子非相干散射
Relativistic particle incoherent scattering in oriented crystals
摘要：
粒子被排列的原子弦和取向晶体的平面偏转的相干过程伴随着原子核的非相干散射。虽然轴向或平面平均势所描述的相干粒子偏转在高能量下变得越来越经典，但相对论粒子的非相干散射本质上仍然是量子的。虽然后者提醒散射原子的非晶介质在足够高的动量转移，在最小的非相干散射过程在晶体中经历一些修改的影响，原子分布的不均匀性的平面中，垂直于晶轴或平面。考虑轴向情况作为一个更一般的例子，我们提出了一个一致的理论，高能粒子在定向晶体非相干散射。后者考虑了量子散射性质和原子分布的不均匀性，揭示了散射截面概念的有限适用性。利用最新引入的均方散射角定义，阐述了将量子散射特性引入到广泛使用的经典轨道模拟中的方法。
英文摘要：
The coherent process of particle deflection by aligned atomic strings and planes of oriented crystals is accompanied by incoherent scattering by atomic cores. While the coherent particle deflection, described by the axial or planar averaged potential, becomes more and more classical at high energies, the incoherent scattering of relativistic particles remains essentially quantum. Though the latter reminds the scattering by atoms of amorphous medium at high enough momentum transfers, at the smallest ones the incoherent scattering process in crystals experiences some modification by the influence of the inhomogeneity of the atom distribution in the plane, normal to the crystal axis or plane. Considering the axial case as a more general example, we present a consistent theory of high energy particles incoherent scattering in oriented crystals. The latter takes into consideration both the quantum scattering nature and the atom distribution inhomogeneity, revealing the limited applicability of the scattering cross section notion. The way to incorporate the quantum scattering features into the widely used classical trajectory simulations is elaborated using newly introduced mean square scattering angle definition.
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