金属原子线在表面上的扩散性
Dimensionality of metallic atomic wires on surfaces
摘要：
本文研究了沉积在半导体衬底上的金属原子线中的低能集体电荷激发（等离子体激元、空穴）。这些系统描述的二维相关模型表示强各向异性晶格或弱耦合链。我们使用了一些成熟的理论方法和结果来研究它们的性质：各向异性费米液体的无规相近似和Tomonaga-Luttinger耦合液体的玻色化，以及阶梯模型的Bethe Answer和密度矩阵重整化群方法。我们表明，费米和Tomonaga-Luttinger液体理论预测相同的定性行为的激发在长波长的色散。此外，它们的标度取决于有效的电子-电子相互作用的选择，但不表征金属态的维数。我们的研究结果还表明，这样的各向异性相关系统可以表现出二维色散由于线之间的耦合，但仍然是准一维强各向异性导体或保留Tomonaga-Luttinger液体的典型功能，如在费米能量的状态密度的幂律行为。因此，诸如Au/Ge（100）的原子线材料可能表现出与一维和二维金属相关的特征的混合。
英文摘要：
We investigate the low-energy collective charge excitations (plasmons, holons) in metallic atomic wires deposited on semiconducting substrates. These systems are described by two-dimensional correlated models representing strongly anisotropic lattices or weakly coupled chains. Well-established theoretical approaches and results are used to study their properties: random phase approximation for anisotropic Fermi liquids and bosonization for coupled Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids as well as Bethe Ansatz and density-matrix renormalization group methods for ladder models. We show that the Fermi and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid theories predict the same qualitative behavior for the dispersion of excitations at long wave lengths. Moreover, their scaling depends on the choice of the effective electron-electron interaction but does not characterize the dimensionality of the metallic state. Our results also suggest that such anisotropic correlated systems can exhibit two-dimensional dispersions due to the coupling between wires but remain quasi-one-dimensional strongly anisotropic conductors or retain typical features of Tomonaga-Luttinger liquids such as the power-law behaviour of the density of states at the Fermi energy. Thus it is possible that atomic wire materials such as Au/Ge(100) exhibit a mixture of features associated with one and two dimensional metals.
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