利用相敏力识别分子量子态
Identification of molecular quantum states using phase-sensitive forces
AI总结：
提出一种基于参考力与信号力干涉的相敏态依赖力协议，可识别密集能级中的分子量子态、监测非弹性散射并在单次测量中排除大量候选态。
摘要：
用于操控量子系统的量子逻辑技术如今正越来越多地应用于分子。此前针对单个被俘获双原子物种的实验已经实现了具有出色保真度的态探测和高精度光谱测量。然而，对于具有密集能级结构的复杂分子，需要改进的方法。在此，我们展示了一种利用态依赖力进行分子态探测的增强型量子协议。我们的方法基于让分别施加于单个原子离子和分子离子的参考力与信号力发生干涉，以提取它们的相对相位。我们利用这一相位信息识别嵌入在密集分子能级结构中的态，并监测态到态的非弹性散射过程。当初始态制备不完善且关于分子性质的信息不完整时，该方法还可用于在单次测量中排除大量的态。虽然目前的实验聚焦于N$_2^+$，但该方法具有通用性，预计将特别有利于多原子体系。
英文摘要：
Quantum-logic techniques used to manipulate quantum systems are now increasingly being applied to molecules. Previous experiments on single trapped diatomic species have enabled state detection with excellent fidelities and highly precise spectroscopic measurements. However, for complex molecules with a dense energy-level structure improved methods are necessary. Here, we demonstrate an enhanced quantum protocol for molecular state detection using state-dependent forces. Our approach is based on interfering a reference and a signal force applied to a single atomic and molecular ion, respectively, in order to extract their relative phase. We use this phase information to identify states embedded in a dense molecular energy-level structure and to monitor state-to-state inelastic scattering processes. This method can also be used to exclude a large number of states in a single measurement when the initial state preparation is imperfect and information on the molecular properties is incomplete. While the present experiments focus on N$_2^+$, the method is general and is expected to be of particular benefit for polyatomic systems.
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