Alexey Chepurnov, Reinaldo Santos de Lima, Sarah Appleby
We provide a procedure for identification of dominating compressible and Alfvenic MHD modes or isotropic turbulence in synchrotron emission polarization maps of Galactic objects. The results for the region of North Galactic Pole, Orion molecular cloud complex and the star-forming complex Cygnus X are presented.
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Temporal Properties of the Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence
针对可压缩MHD湍流时间特性这一未解问题，本研究提出三种MHD模色散关系的洛伦兹展宽可解释其频谱特征，揭示了展宽宽度与波数的标度关系及与能量级联的关联，为该领域研究提供新视角。
Probing magnetic fields in the interstellar medium (ISM) is notoriously challenging. Motivated by the modern theories of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence and turbulence anisotropy, we introduce the Structure-Function Analysis (SFA) as a new approach to measure the magnetic field orientation and estimate the magnetization. We analyze the statistics of turbulent velocities in three-dimensional compressible MHD simulations through the second-order structure functions in both local and global reference frames. In the sub-Alfvenic turbulence with the magnetic energy larger than the turbulent en…
It is well-known that magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysical environments. The correct understanding of the fundamental properties of MHD turbulence is a prerequisite for revealing many key astrophysical processes. The development of observation-based measurement techniques has significantly promoted MHD turbulence theory and its implications in astrophysics. After describing the modern understanding of MHD turbulence based on theoretical analysis and direct numerical simulations, we review recent developments related to synchrotron fluctuation techniques. Specific…
The predictions of mean-field electrodynamics can now be probed using direct numerical simulations of random flows and magnetic fields. When modelling astrophysical MHD, it is important to verify that such simulations are in agreement with observations. One of the main challenges in this area is to identify robust \it{quantitative} measures to compare structures found in simulations with those inferred from astrophysical observations. A similar challenge is to compare quantitatively results from different simulations. Topological data analysis offers a range of techniques, including the Betti …
We study compressible MHD turbulence, which holds key to many astrophysical processes, including star formation and cosmic ray propagation. To account for the variations of the magnetic field in the strongly turbulent fluid we use wavelet decomposition of the turbulent velocity field into Alfven, slow and fast modes, which presents an extension of the Cho & Lazarian (2003) decomposition approach based on Fourier transforms. The wavelets allow to follow the variations of the local direction of magnetic field and therefore improve the quality of the decomposition compared to the Fourier transfor…
An analytical model for three-dimensional incompressible turbulence was recently introduced in the hydrodynamics community which, with only a few parameters, shares many properties of experimental and numerical turbulence, notably intermittency (non-Gaussianity), the energy cascade (skewness), and vorticity alignment properties. In view of modeling astrophysical environments, we introduce a manner to extend to compressible fluids the three-dimensional turbulent velocity field model of Chevillard et al. (2010), as well as the three 3D turbulent magnetic field models of Durrive et al. (2020), fo…
We study the observable properties of compressible MHD turbulence covering different turbulence regimes, based on synthetic synchrotron observations arising from 3D MHD numerical simulations. Using the synchrotron emissivity and intensity, we first explore how the cosmic ray spectral indices affect the measurements of turbulence properties by employing normalized correlation functions. We then study how the anisotropy of synchrotron total and polarization intensities arising from three fundamental MHD modes vary with the viewing angle, i.e., the angle between the mean magnetic field and the li…
Based on statistical analysis of synchrotron polarization intensity, we study the anisotropic properties of compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. The second-order normalized structure function, quadrupole ratio modulus and anisotropic coefficient are synergistically used to characterize the anisotropy of the polarization intensity. On the basis of pre-decomposition data cubes, we first explore the anisotropy of the polarization intensity in different turbulence regimes and find that the most significant anisotropy occurs in the sub-Alfvénic regime. Using post-decomposition data cu…
Context. An essential facet of turbulence is the space-time intermittency of the cascade of energy that leads to coherent structures of high dissipation. Aims. In this work, we attempt to investigate systematically the physical nature of the intense dissipation regions in decaying isothermal magnetohydrodynamical (MHD) turbulence. Methods. We probe the turbulent dissipation with grid based simulations of compressible isothermal decaying MHD turbulence. We take unprecedented care at resolving and controlling dissipation: we design methods to locally recover the dissipation due to the numerical …
The diffusion and scattering of accelerating particles in compressible MHD turbulence
本文数值研究压缩MHD湍流中宇宙线的扩散、散射与加速，发现回旋半径指数增长、动量扩散呈幂律或平台，扩散主导模式随阿尔文区变化，加速由快/慢模式主导，磁声模式仍关键。
Compressible magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence is ubiquitous in astrophysical phenomena ranging from the intergalactic to the stellar scales. In studying them, numerical simulations are nearly inescapable, due to the large degree of nonlinearity involved. However the dynamical ranges of these phenomena are much larger than what is computationally accessible. In large eddy simulations (LES), the resulting limited resolution effects are addressed explicitly by introducing to the equations of motion additional terms associated with the unresolved, subgrid-scale (SGS) dynamics. This renders the…
Measurement of the scaling slope of compressible magnetohydrodynamic turbulence by synchrotron radiation statistics
本文提出新的Q-U交叉强度和交叉相关强度统计量，结合传统同步辐射强度与偏振强度统计，从合成同步辐射观测中更可靠地测量可压缩MHD湍流的标度斜率，并揭示不同等离子体模式的谱性质。
MHD Turbulence is common in many space physics and astrophysics environments. We first discuss the properties of incompressible MHD turbulence. A well-conductive fluid amplifies initial magnetic fields in a process called small-scale dynamo. Below equipartition scale for kinetic and magnetic energies the spectrum is steep (Kolmogorov -5/3) and is represented by critically balanced strong MHD turbulence. In this paper we report the basic reasoning behind universal nonlinear small-scale dynamo and the inertial range of MHD turbulence. We measured the efficiency of the small-scale dynamo $C_E=0.0…
Small-amplitude Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence Modulated by Collisionless Damping in Earth's Magnetosheath: Observation Matches Theory
本研究利用Cluster卫星数据首次观测证实无碰撞阻尼调制地球磁鞘中小振幅可压缩MHD湍流，分解三种模式并揭示其对各向异性的影响，观测与理论相符。
Even though compressible plasma turbulence is encountered in many astrophysical phenomena, its effect is often not well understood. Furthermore, direct numerical simulations are typically not able to reach the extreme parameters of these processes. For this reason, large-eddy simulations (LES), which only simulate large and intermediate scales directly, are employed. The smallest, unresolved scales and the interactions between small and large scales are introduced by means of a subgrid-scale (SGS) model. We propose and verify a new set of nonlinear SGS closures for future application as an SGS…
We present self-consistent global, steady-state MHD models and synthetic optically thin synchrotron emission maps for the jet of M87. The model consist of two distinct zones: an inner relativistic outflow, which we identify with the observed jet, and an outer cold disk-wind. While the former does not self-collimate efficiently due to its high effective inertia, the latter fulfills all the conditions for efficient collimation by the magneto-centrifugal mechanism. Given the right balance between the effective inertia of the inner flow and the collimation efficiency of the outer disk wind, the re…
Mode Energy Partition in Partially Ionized Compressible MHD Turbulence
研究部分电离压缩磁流体动力学湍流中中性-离子耦合对湍流频谱和能量分配的影响，发现慢模式能量占比增加，阿尔芬模式占比减少，快模式能量占比不敏感。
Spatiotemporal Properties of Compressible Magnetohydrodynamic Turbulence from Space Plasma
利用多航天器极化模式分解技术，首次定量评估了可压缩MHD湍流中所有本征模的非线性频率展宽，发现慢模存在弱-强湍流转变，而快模保持弱湍流。
Diagnostics of magnetohydrodynamic modes in the ISM through synchrotron polarization statistics
针对星际介质MHD湍流模式识别难题，基于MHD湍流统计规律修正SPA方法，提出SPA+拟合分类判据与快模式不对称识别法，且验证其不受法拉第旋转影响。
Magnetic field lines in interstellar media have a rich morphology, which could be characterized by geometrical parameters such as curvature and torsion. In this paper, we explore the statistical properties of magnetic field line curvature $κ$ in compressible magnetized turbulence. We see that both the mean and standard deviation of magnetic field line curvature obey power-law relations to the magnetization. Moreover, the power-law tail of the curvature probability distribution function is also proportional to the Alfvenic Mach number. We also explore whether the curvature method could be used …
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