Optimization of Image Embeddings for Few Shot Learning

Learning from Few Examples: A Summary of Approaches to Few-Shot Learning

Few-Shot Learning refers to the problem of learning the underlying pattern in the data just from a few training samples. Requiring a large number of data samples, many deep learning solutions suffer from data hunger and extensively high computation time and resources. Furthermore, data is often not available due to not only the nature of the problem or privacy concerns but also the cost of data preparation. Data collection, preprocessing, and labeling are strenuous human tasks. Therefore, few-shot learning that could drastically reduce the turnaround time of building machine learning applicati…

A Study on Representation Transfer for Few-Shot Learning

Few-shot classification aims to learn to classify new object categories well using only a few labeled examples. Transferring feature representations from other models is a popular approach for solving few-shot classification problems. In this work we perform a systematic study of various feature representations for few-shot classification, including representations learned from MAML, supervised classification, and several common self-supervised tasks. We find that learning from more complex tasks tend to give better representations for few-shot classification, and thus we propose the use of re…

Budget-aware Few-shot Learning via Graph Convolutional Network

This paper tackles the problem of few-shot learning, which aims to learn new visual concepts from a few examples. A common problem setting in few-shot classification assumes random sampling strategy in acquiring data labels, which is inefficient in practical applications. In this work, we introduce a new budget-aware few-shot learning problem that not only aims to learn novel object categories, but also needs to select informative examples to annotate in order to achieve data efficiency. We develop a meta-learning strategy for our budget-aware few-shot learning task, which jointly learns a nov…

Meta-free few-shot learning via representation learning with weight averaging

Recent studies on few-shot classification using transfer learning pose challenges to the effectiveness and efficiency of episodic meta-learning algorithms. Transfer learning approaches are a natural alternative, but they are restricted to few-shot classification. Moreover, little attention has been on the development of probabilistic models with well-calibrated uncertainty from few-shot samples, except for some Bayesian episodic learning algorithms. To tackle the aforementioned issues, we propose a new transfer learning method to obtain accurate and reliable models for few-shot regression and …

Few-Shot Learning with Embedded Class Models and Shot-Free Meta Training

We propose a method for learning embeddings for few-shot learning that is suitable for use with any number of ways and any number of shots (shot-free). Rather than fixing the class prototypes to be the Euclidean average of sample embeddings, we allow them to live in a higher-dimensional space (embedded class models) and learn the prototypes along with the model parameters. The class representation function is defined implicitly, which allows us to deal with a variable number of shots per each class with a simple constant-size architecture. The class embedding encompasses metric learning, that …

Ortho-Shot: Low Displacement Rank Regularization with Data Augmentation for Few-Shot Learning

In few-shot classification, the primary goal is to learn representations from a few samples that generalize well for novel classes. In this paper, we propose an efficient low displacement rank (LDR) regularization strategy termed Ortho-Shot; a technique that imposes orthogonal regularization on the convolutional layers of a few-shot classifier, which is based on the doubly-block toeplitz (DBT) matrix structure. The regularized convolutional layers of the few-shot classifier enhances model generalization and intra-class feature embeddings that are crucial for few-shot learning. Overfitting is a…

Task-Prior Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder for Few-Shot Image Classification

Transductive methods always outperform inductive methods in few-shot image classification scenarios. However, the existing few-shot methods contain a latent condition: the number of samples in each class is the same, which may be unrealistic. To cope with those cases where the query shots of each class are nonuniform (i.e. nonuniform few-shot learning), we propose a Task-Prior Conditional Variational Auto-Encoder model named TP-VAE, conditioned on support shots and constrained by a task-level prior regularization. Our method obtains high performance in the more challenging nonuniform few-shot …

Few-Shot Learning with a Strong Teacher

Few-shot learning (FSL) aims to generate a classifier using limited labeled examples. Many existing works take the meta-learning approach, constructing a few-shot learner that can learn from few-shot examples to generate a classifier. Typically, the few-shot learner is constructed or meta-trained by sampling multiple few-shot tasks in turn and optimizing the few-shot learner's performance in generating classifiers for those tasks. The performance is measured by how well the resulting classifiers classify the test (i.e., query) examples of those tasks. In this paper, we point out two potential …

A Baseline for Few-Shot Image Classification

Fine-tuning a deep network trained with the standard cross-entropy loss is a strong baseline for few-shot learning. When fine-tuned transductively, this outperforms the current state-of-the-art on standard datasets such as Mini-ImageNet, Tiered-ImageNet, CIFAR-FS and FC-100 with the same hyper-parameters. The simplicity of this approach enables us to demonstrate the first few-shot learning results on the ImageNet-21k dataset. We find that using a large number of meta-training classes results in high few-shot accuracies even for a large number of few-shot classes. We do not advocate our approac…

Texture Bias Of CNNs Limits Few-Shot Classification Performance

Accurate image classification given small amounts of labelled data (few-shot classification) remains an open problem in computer vision. In this work we examine how the known texture bias of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) affects few-shot classification performance. Although texture bias can help in standard image classification, in this work we show it significantly harms few-shot classification performance. After correcting this bias we demonstrate state-of-the-art performance on the competitive miniImageNet task using a method far simpler than the current best performing few-shot lear…

隐式几何与交互嵌入提升小样本分子性质预测

Implicit Geometry and Interaction Embeddings Improve Few-Shot Molecular Property Prediction

针对小样本分子性质预测中复杂分子特征难学习的问题，提出利用合成分子对接数据和多任务学习构建隐式几何与交互嵌入，显著提升多种小样本学习算法在基准上的性能。

Metric-Based Few-Shot Learning for Video Action Recognition

In the few-shot scenario, a learner must effectively generalize to unseen classes given a small support set of labeled examples. While a relatively large amount of research has gone into few-shot learning for image classification, little work has been done on few-shot video classification. In this work, we address the task of few-shot video action recognition with a set of two-stream models. We evaluate the performance of a set of convolutional and recurrent neural network video encoder architectures used in conjunction with three popular metric-based few-shot algorithms. We train and evaluate…

Zero-Shot and Few-Shot Learning for Lung Cancer Multi-Label Classification using Vision Transformer

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the most common histologic subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Histology is an essential tool for lung cancer diagnosis. Pathologists make classifications according to the dominant subtypes. Although morphology remains the standard for diagnosis, significant tool needs to be developed to elucidate the diagnosis. In our study, we utilize the pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) model to classify multiple label lung cancer on histologic slices (fr…

Few-Shot Classification of Skin Lesions from Dermoscopic Images by Meta-Learning Representative Embeddings

Annotated images and ground truth for the diagnosis of rare and novel diseases are scarce. This is expected to prevail, considering the small number of affected patient population and limited clinical expertise to annotate images. Further, the frequently occurring long-tailed class distributions in skin lesion and other disease classification datasets cause conventional training approaches to lead to poor generalization due to biased class priors. Few-shot learning, and meta-learning in general, aim to overcome these issues by aiming to perform well in low data regimes. This paper focuses on i…

A Simple Approach to Adversarial Robustness in Few-shot Image Classification

Few-shot image classification, where the goal is to generalize to tasks with limited labeled data, has seen great progress over the years. However, the classifiers are vulnerable to adversarial examples, posing a question regarding their generalization capabilities. Recent works have tried to combine meta-learning approaches with adversarial training to improve the robustness of few-shot classifiers. We show that a simple transfer-learning based approach can be used to train adversarially robust few-shot classifiers. We also present a method for novel classification task based on calibrating t…

A Concise Review of Recent Few-shot Meta-learning Methods

Few-shot meta-learning has been recently reviving with expectations to mimic humanity's fast adaption to new concepts based on prior knowledge. In this short communication, we give a concise review on recent representative methods in few-shot meta-learning, which are categorized into four branches according to their technical characteristics. We conclude this review with some vital current challenges and future prospects in few-shot meta-learning.

Cross-Lingual Alignment of Contextual Word Embeddings, with Applications to Zero-shot Dependency Parsing

We introduce a novel method for multilingual transfer that utilizes deep contextual embeddings, pretrained in an unsupervised fashion. While contextual embeddings have been shown to yield richer representations of meaning compared to their static counterparts, aligning them poses a challenge due to their dynamic nature. To this end, we construct context-independent variants of the original monolingual spaces and utilize their mapping to derive an alignment for the context-dependent spaces. This mapping readily supports processing of a target language, improving transfer by context-aware embedd…

Towards Cross-Granularity Few-Shot Learning: Coarse-to-Fine Pseudo-Labeling with Visual-Semantic Meta-Embedding

Few-shot learning aims at rapidly adapting to novel categories with only a handful of samples at test time, which has been predominantly tackled with the idea of meta-learning. However, meta-learning approaches essentially learn across a variety of few-shot tasks and thus still require large-scale training data with fine-grained supervision to derive a generalized model, thereby involving prohibitive annotation cost. In this paper, we advance the few-shot classification paradigm towards a more challenging scenario, i.e., cross-granularity few-shot classification, where the model observes only …

Weakly-supervised Object Localization for Few-shot Learning and Fine-grained Few-shot Learning

Few-shot learning (FSL) aims to learn novel visual categories from very few samples, which is a challenging problem in real-world applications. Many methods of few-shot classification work well on general images to learn global representation. However, they can not deal with fine-grained categories well at the same time due to a lack of subtle and local information. We argue that localization is an efficient approach because it directly provides the discriminative regions, which is critical for both general classification and fine-grained classification in a low data regime. In this paper, we …

FewSOL: A Dataset for Few-Shot Object Learning in Robotic Environments

We introduce the Few-Shot Object Learning (FewSOL) dataset for object recognition with a few images per object. We captured 336 real-world objects with 9 RGB-D images per object from different views. Object segmentation masks, object poses and object attributes are provided. In addition, synthetic images generated using 330 3D object models are used to augment the dataset. We investigated (i) few-shot object classification and (ii) joint object segmentation and few-shot classification with the state-of-the-art methods for few-shot learning and meta-learning using our dataset. The evaluation re…

Don't Use English Dev: On the Zero-Shot Cross-Lingual Evaluation of Contextual Embeddings

Multilingual contextual embeddings have demonstrated state-of-the-art performance in zero-shot cross-lingual transfer learning, where multilingual BERT is fine-tuned on one source language and evaluated on a different target language. However, published results for mBERT zero-shot accuracy vary as much as 17 points on the MLDoc classification task across four papers. We show that the standard practice of using English dev accuracy for model selection in the zero-shot setting makes it difficult to obtain reproducible results on the MLDoc and XNLI tasks. English dev accuracy is often uncorrelate…

Discrete Few-Shot Learning for Pan Privacy

In this paper we present the first baseline results for the task of few-shot learning of discrete embedding vectors for image recognition. Few-shot learning is a highly researched task, commonly leveraged by recognition systems that are resource constrained to train on a small number of images per class. Few-shot systems typically store a continuous embedding vector of each class, posing a risk to privacy where system breaches or insider threats are a concern. Using discrete embedding vectors, we devise a simple cryptographic protocol, which uses one-way hash functions in order to build recogn…

One-shot and few-shot learning of word embeddings

Standard deep learning systems require thousands or millions of examples to learn a concept, and cannot integrate new concepts easily. By contrast, humans have an incredible ability to do one-shot or few-shot learning. For instance, from just hearing a word used in a sentence, humans can infer a great deal about it, by leveraging what the syntax and semantics of the surrounding words tells us. Here, we draw inspiration from this to highlight a simple technique by which deep recurrent networks can similarly exploit their prior knowledge to learn a useful representation for a new word from littl…

利用少样本示例自动生成训练数据改进句子嵌入

Improving Sentence Embeddings with Automatic Generation of Training Data Using Few-shot Examples

本文提出利用大语言模型通过少样本学习自动生成NLI数据集来微调PromptEOL，从而在无需大规模人工标注数据的情况下改进句子嵌入，并在STS任务上优于现有模型。

Few-Shot Sequence Labeling with Label Dependency Transfer and Pair-wise Embedding

While few-shot classification has been widely explored with similarity based methods, few-shot sequence labeling poses a unique challenge as it also calls for modeling the label dependencies. To consider both the item similarity and label dependency, we propose to leverage the conditional random fields (CRFs) in few-shot sequence labeling. It calculates emission score with similarity based methods and obtains transition score with a specially designed transfer mechanism. When applying CRF in the few-shot scenarios, the discrepancy of label sets among different domains makes it hard to use the …

Understanding Cross-Domain Few-Shot Learning Based on Domain Similarity and Few-Shot Difficulty

Cross-domain few-shot learning (CD-FSL) has drawn increasing attention for handling large differences between the source and target domains--an important concern in real-world scenarios. To overcome these large differences, recent works have considered exploiting small-scale unlabeled data from the target domain during the pre-training stage. This data enables self-supervised pre-training on the target domain, in addition to supervised pre-training on the source domain. In this paper, we empirically investigate which pre-training is preferred based on domain similarity and few-shot difficulty …

用于认证少样本学习的平滑嵌入

Smoothed Embeddings for Certified Few-Shot Learning

本文将随机化平滑扩展到输出归一化嵌入的少样本学习模型，通过 Lipschitz 连续性分析给出针对 ℓ₂ 扰动的鲁棒性认证，并经多数据集实验验证。

Few-Shot Learning with Metric-Agnostic Conditional Embeddings

Learning high quality class representations from few examples is a key problem in metric-learning approaches to few-shot learning. To accomplish this, we introduce a novel architecture where class representations are conditioned for each few-shot trial based on a target image. We also deviate from traditional metric-learning approaches by training a network to perform comparisons between classes rather than relying on a static metric comparison. This allows the network to decide what aspects of each class are important for the comparison at hand. We find that this flexible architecture works w…

Few-Shot Cross-Lingual TTS Using Transferable Phoneme Embedding

This paper studies a transferable phoneme embedding framework that aims to deal with the cross-lingual text-to-speech (TTS) problem under the few-shot setting. Transfer learning is a common approach when it comes to few-shot learning since training from scratch on few-shot training data is bound to overfit. Still, we find that the naive transfer learning approach fails to adapt to unseen languages under extremely few-shot settings, where less than 8 minutes of data is provided. We deal with the problem by proposing a framework that consists of a phoneme-based TTS model and a codebook module to…

Adapted Deep Embeddings: A Synthesis of Methods for $k$-Shot Inductive Transfer Learning

The focus in machine learning has branched beyond training classifiers on a single task to investigating how previously acquired knowledge in a source domain can be leveraged to facilitate learning in a related target domain, known as inductive transfer learning. Three active lines of research have independently explored transfer learning using neural networks. In weight transfer, a model trained on the source domain is used as an initialization point for a network to be trained on the target domain. In deep metric learning, the source domain is used to construct an embedding that captures cla…

A Theoretical Analysis of the Number of Shots in Few-Shot Learning

Few-shot classification is the task of predicting the category of an example from a set of few labeled examples. The number of labeled examples per category is called the number of shots (or shot number). Recent works tackle this task through meta-learning, where a meta-learner extracts information from observed tasks during meta-training to quickly adapt to new tasks during meta-testing. In this formulation, the number of shots exploited during meta-training has an impact on the recognition performance at meta-test time. Generally, the shot number used in meta-training should match the one us…

面向少样本节点分类的归纳式线性探测

Inductive Linear Probing for Few-shot Node Classification

针对现有元学习方法多聚焦直推式少样本节点分类、忽视归纳式场景的问题，本文通过实证揭示现有框架局限，提出适配归纳式少样本节点分类的简单强基线，为理解图域元学习提供新方向。

Few-shot Slot Tagging with Collapsed Dependency Transfer and Label-enhanced Task-adaptive Projection Network

In this paper, we explore the slot tagging with only a few labeled support sentences (a.k.a. few-shot). Few-shot slot tagging faces a unique challenge compared to the other few-shot classification problems as it calls for modeling the dependencies between labels. But it is hard to apply previously learned label dependencies to an unseen domain, due to the discrepancy of label sets. To tackle this, we introduce a collapsed dependency transfer mechanism into the conditional random field (CRF) to transfer abstract label dependency patterns as transition scores. In the few-shot setting, the emissi…

Few-shot acoustic event detection via meta-learning

We study few-shot acoustic event detection (AED) in this paper. Few-shot learning enables detection of new events with very limited labeled data. Compared to other research areas like computer vision, few-shot learning for audio recognition has been under-studied. We formulate few-shot AED problem and explore different ways of utilizing traditional supervised methods for this setting as well as a variety of meta-learning approaches, which are conventionally used to solve few-shot classification problem. Compared to supervised baselines, meta-learning models achieve superior performance, thus s…

A Simple Approach for Zero-Shot Learning based on Triplet Distribution Embeddings

Given the semantic descriptions of classes, Zero-Shot Learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen classes without labeled training data by exploiting semantic information, which contains knowledge between seen and unseen classes. Existing ZSL methods mainly use vectors to represent the embeddings to the semantic space. Despite the popularity, such vector representation limits the expressivity in terms of modeling the intra-class variability for each class. We address this issue by leveraging the use of distribution embeddings. More specifically, both image embeddings and class embeddings are model…

Embedding Propagation: Smoother Manifold for Few-Shot Classification

Few-shot classification is challenging because the data distribution of the training set can be widely different to the test set as their classes are disjoint. This distribution shift often results in poor generalization. Manifold smoothing has been shown to address the distribution shift problem by extending the decision boundaries and reducing the noise of the class representations. Moreover, manifold smoothness is a key factor for semi-supervised learning and transductive learning algorithms. In this work, we propose to use embedding propagation as an unsupervised non-parametric regularizer…

Multi-Label Zero-Shot Learning with Transfer-Aware Label Embedding Projection

Zero-shot learning transfers knowledge from seen classes to novel unseen classes to reduce human labor of labelling data for building new classifiers. Much effort on zero-shot learning however has focused on the standard multi-class setting, the more challenging multi-label zero-shot problem has received limited attention. In this paper we propose a transfer-aware embedding projection approach to tackle multi-label zero-shot learning. The approach projects the label embedding vectors into a low-dimensional space to induce better inter-label relationships and explicitly facilitate information t…

Ontology-based n-ball Concept Embeddings Informing Few-shot Image Classification

We propose a novel framework named ViOCE that integrates ontology-based background knowledge in the form of $n$-ball concept embeddings into a neural network based vision architecture. The approach consists of two components - converting symbolic knowledge of an ontology into continuous space by learning n-ball embeddings that capture properties of subsumption and disjointness, and guiding the training and inference of a vision model using the learnt embeddings. We evaluate ViOCE using the task of few-shot image classification, where it demonstrates superior performance on two standard benchma…

Boosting Few-Shot Visual Learning with Self-Supervision

Few-shot learning and self-supervised learning address different facets of the same problem: how to train a model with little or no labeled data. Few-shot learning aims for optimization methods and models that can learn efficiently to recognize patterns in the low data regime. Self-supervised learning focuses instead on unlabeled data and looks into it for the supervisory signal to feed high capacity deep neural networks. In this work we exploit the complementarity of these two domains and propose an approach for improving few-shot learning through self-supervision. We use self-supervision as …

Spatial-Aware Object Embeddings for Zero-Shot Localization and Classification of Actions

We aim for zero-shot localization and classification of human actions in video. Where traditional approaches rely on global attribute or object classification scores for their zero-shot knowledge transfer, our main contribution is a spatial-aware object embedding. To arrive at spatial awareness, we build our embedding on top of freely available actor and object detectors. Relevance of objects is determined in a word embedding space and further enforced with estimated spatial preferences. Besides local object awareness, we also embed global object awareness into our embedding to maximize actor …

Episode Adaptive Embedding Networks for Few-shot Learning

Few-shot learning aims to learn a classifier using a few labelled instances for each class. Metric-learning approaches for few-shot learning embed instances into a high-dimensional space and conduct classification based on distances among instance embeddings. However, such instance embeddings are usually shared across all episodes and thus lack the discriminative power to generalize classifiers according to episode-specific features. In this paper, we propose a novel approach, namely \emph{Episode Adaptive Embedding Network} (EAEN), to learn episode-specific embeddings of instances. By leverag…

Semantically Grounded Visual Embeddings for Zero-Shot Learning

Zero-shot learning methods rely on fixed visual and semantic embeddings, extracted from independent vision and language models, both pre-trained for other large-scale tasks. This is a weakness of current zero-shot learning frameworks as such disjoint embeddings fail to adequately associate visual and textual information to their shared semantic content. Therefore, we propose to learn semantically grounded and enriched visual information by computing a joint image and text model with a two-stream network on a proxy task. To improve this alignment between image and textual representations, provi…

Zero-Shot Semantic Segmentation via Spatial and Multi-Scale Aware Visual Class Embedding

Fully supervised semantic segmentation technologies bring a paradigm shift in scene understanding. However, the burden of expensive labeling cost remains as a challenge. To solve the cost problem, recent studies proposed language model based zero-shot semantic segmentation (L-ZSSS) approaches. In this paper, we address L-ZSSS has a limitation in generalization which is a virtue of zero-shot learning. Tackling the limitation, we propose a language-model-free zero-shot semantic segmentation framework, Spatial and Multi-scale aware Visual Class Embedding Network (SM-VCENet). Furthermore, leveragi…

A Systematic Evaluation and Benchmark for Embedding-Aware Generative Models: Features, Models, and Any-shot Scenarios

Embedding-aware generative model (EAGM) addresses the data insufficiency problem for zero-shot learning (ZSL) by constructing a generator between semantic and visual feature spaces. Thanks to the predefined benchmark and protocols, the number of proposed EAGMs for ZSL is increasing rapidly. We argue that it is time to take a step back and reconsider the embedding-aware generative paradigm. The main work of this paper is two-fold. First, the embedding features in benchmark datasets are somehow overlooked, which potentially limits the performance of EAGMs, while most researchers focus on how to …

Bayesian Embeddings for Few-Shot Open World Recognition

As autonomous decision-making agents move from narrow operating environments to unstructured worlds, learning systems must move from a closed-world formulation to an open-world and few-shot setting in which agents continuously learn new classes from small amounts of information. This stands in stark contrast to modern machine learning systems that are typically designed with a known set of classes and a large number of examples for each class. In this work we extend embedding-based few-shot learning algorithms to the open-world recognition setting. We combine Bayesian non-parametric class prio…

Weakly Supervised Few-shot Object Segmentation using Co-Attention with Visual and Semantic Embeddings

Significant progress has been made recently in developing few-shot object segmentation methods. Learning is shown to be successful in few-shot segmentation settings, using pixel-level, scribbles and bounding box supervision. This paper takes another approach, i.e., only requiring image-level label for few-shot object segmentation. We propose a novel multi-modal interaction module for few-shot object segmentation that utilizes a co-attention mechanism using both visual and word embedding. Our model using image-level labels achieves 4.8% improvement over previously proposed image-level few-shot …

Unsupervised Embedding Adaptation via Early-Stage Feature Reconstruction for Few-Shot Classification

We propose unsupervised embedding adaptation for the downstream few-shot classification task. Based on findings that deep neural networks learn to generalize before memorizing, we develop Early-Stage Feature Reconstruction (ESFR) -- a novel adaptation scheme with feature reconstruction and dimensionality-driven early stopping that finds generalizable features. Incorporating ESFR consistently improves the performance of baseline methods on all standard settings, including the recently proposed transductive method. ESFR used in conjunction with the transductive method further achieves state-of-t…

VGSE：面向零样本学习的视觉基语义嵌入

VGSE: Visually-Grounded Semantic Embeddings for Zero-Shot Learning

本文提出视觉基语义嵌入VGSE，通过无人工标注的视觉聚类与类别关系发现，为已见和未见类别建模判别性视觉属性，在三个基准上显著提升多种零样本学习模型的性能。

Learning Visually Consistent Label Embeddings for Zero-Shot Learning

In this work, we propose a zero-shot learning method to effectively model knowledge transfer between classes via jointly learning visually consistent word vectors and label embedding model in an end-to-end manner. The main idea is to project the vector space word vectors of attributes and classes into the visual space such that word representations of semantically related classes become more closer, and use the projected vectors in the proposed embedding model to identify unseen classes. We evaluate the proposed approach on two benchmark datasets and the experimental results show that our meth…

Latent Embedding Feedback and Discriminative Features for Zero-Shot Classification

Zero-shot learning strives to classify unseen categories for which no data is available during training. In the generalized variant, the test samples can further belong to seen or unseen categories. The state-of-the-art relies on Generative Adversarial Networks that synthesize unseen class features by leveraging class-specific semantic embeddings. During training, they generate semantically consistent features, but discard this constraint during feature synthesis and classification. We propose to enforce semantic consistency at all stages of (generalized) zero-shot learning: training, feature …

Diagnosing and Remedying Shot Sensitivity with Cosine Few-Shot Learners

Few-shot recognition involves training an image classifier to distinguish novel concepts at test time using few examples (shot). Existing approaches generally assume that the shot number at test time is known in advance. This is not realistic, and the performance of a popular and foundational method has been shown to suffer when train and test shots do not match. We conduct a systematic empirical study of this phenomenon. In line with prior work, we find that shot sensitivity is broadly present across metric-based few-shot learners, but in contrast to prior work, larger neural architectures pr…

Relational Embedding for Few-Shot Classification

We propose to address the problem of few-shot classification by meta-learning "what to observe" and "where to attend" in a relational perspective. Our method leverages relational patterns within and between images via self-correlational representation (SCR) and cross-correlational attention (CCA). Within each image, the SCR module transforms a base feature map into a self-correlation tensor and learns to extract structural patterns from the tensor. Between the images, the CCA module computes cross-correlation between two image representations and learns to produce co-attention between them. Ou…

FacEDiM：一种用于牛少样本生物特征认证的人脸嵌入分布模型

FacEDiM: A Face Embedding Distribution Model for Few-Shot Biometric Authentication of Cattle

本研究提出 FacEDiM 模型，通过计算测试嵌入与预训练 CNN 获取的训练嵌入多变量高斯分布间的 Mahalanobis 距离解决牛的少样本生物特征认证，实验证明 ImageNet 预训练优于人脸预训练，VGG16 取得优异认证结果。

Language Models as Zero-shot Visual Semantic Learners

Visual Semantic Embedding (VSE) models, which map images into a rich semantic embedding space, have been a milestone in object recognition and zero-shot learning. Current approaches to VSE heavily rely on static word em-bedding techniques. In this work, we propose a Visual Se-mantic Embedding Probe (VSEP) designed to probe the semantic information of contextualized word embeddings in visual semantic understanding tasks. We show that the knowledge encoded in transformer language models can be exploited for tasks requiring visual semantic understanding.The VSEP with contextual representations ca…