作为引力量子理论特征的非高斯性
Non-Gaussianity as a signature of a quantum theory of gravity
摘要：
在桌面上测试量子引力（QG）一直被认为是不可能的。然而，值得注意的是，由于量子信息科学（QIS）的快速发展，这样的测试可能很快就会实现。在这里，我们发现了QG和QIS之间的一个令人兴奋的新的理论联系，这也导致了一个激进的新方法来测试QG与QIS实验。具体来说，我们发现，只有量子，而不是经典的，引力理论可以创建非高斯性，一个QIS资源，是必要的通用量子计算，在量子场态的物质。这允许基于QIS的测试，其中物质的非高斯性用作QG的签名。与之前用QIS测试QG的研究相比，当排除所有其他量子相互作用时，纠缠被用来见证QG，我们的非高斯见证不能由直接的经典引力相互作用创建，从而促进不受此类过程存在约束的测试。我们的QG新签名还可以实现基于单个而不是多体量子系统的测试，简化了以前考虑的实验设置。我们描述了一个桌面测试QG，使用我们的非高斯签名，这是基于一个单一的量子系统，一个玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体（BEC），在一个单一的位置。与基于光机械装置的提议相反，BEC已经被操纵成大规模的非经典状态，有助于在不久的将来测试QG的前景。
英文摘要：
Table-top tests of quantum gravity (QG) have long been thought to be practically impossible. However, remarkably, due to rapid progress in quantum information science (QIS), such tests may soon be achievable. Here, we uncover an exciting new theoretical link between QG and QIS that also leads to a radical new way of testing QG with QIS experiments. Specifically, we find that only a quantum, not classical, theory of gravity can create non-Gaussianity, a QIS resource that is necessary for universal quantum computation, in the quantum field state of matter. This allows for tests based on QIS in which non-Gaussianity in matter is used as a signature of QG. In comparison to previous studies of testing QG with QIS where entanglement is used to witness QG when all other quantum interactions are excluded, our non-Gaussianity witness cannot be created by direct classical gravity interactions, facilitating tests that are not constrained by the existence of such processes. Our new signature of QG also enables tests that are based on just a single rather than multi-partite quantum system, simplifying previously considered experimental setups. We describe a table-top test of QG that uses our non-Gaussianity signature and which is based on just a single quantum system, a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), in a single location. In contrast to proposals based on opto-mechanical setups, BECs have already been manipulated into massive non-classical states, aiding the prospect of testing QG in the near future.
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