XMM-牛顿观测到的X射线年调制与轴子夸克块暗物质
X-ray annual modulation observed by XMM-Newton and Axion Quark Nugget Dark Matter
AI总结：
本研究针对XMM-牛顿观测到的近地2-6 keV X射线背景11σ置信度季节性调制现象，用轴子夸克块（AQN）暗物质模型解释，预测20%-25%的调制幅度及百keV能段贡献，提出用GBM、NuSTAR存档数据检验该模型。
摘要：
XMM-牛顿天文台观测到近地环境中2-6 keV能段的X射线背景存在季节性变化的证据，置信度达11σ（Fraser等人，2014年）。研究者认为，观测到的季节性变化暗示其可能与暗物质存在关联。我们提出一种涉及轴子夸克块（Axion Quark Nugget，AQN）暗物质模型的解释。在我们的方案中，AQN可以穿过地球，并在穿出地球时发射高能光子。我们证明，发射的光谱与Fraser等人（2014年）的观测结果一致，且我们的计算对模型的具体细节不敏感。我们的方案预测存在幅度约20%-25%的大幅季节性变化，远大于传统暗物质模型的1%-10%。由于AQN的发射光谱可延伸至约100 keV，远超XMM-牛顿的keV级探测灵敏度，我们预测AQN会对近地环境中的硬X射线和γ射线背景有贡献。费米望远镜搭载的伽马射线暴监测器（Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor，GBM）对8 keV-40 MeV能段敏感。美国国家航空航天局（NASA）的空间X射线望远镜“核分光望远镜阵”（NuSTAR，Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array）工作在3-79 keV能段，也对更高能段敏感。我们建议，可利用GBM或NuSTAR的多年存档数据，搜寻近地环境中最高至100 keV的季节性变化，作为AQN框架的未来检验手段。
英文摘要：
The XMM-Newton observatory shows evidence, with a 11$σ$ confidence level, for seasonal variation of the X-ray background in the near-Earth environment in the 2-6 keV energy range (Fraser et al. 2014). The authors argue that the observed seasonal variation suggests a possible link with dark matter. We propose an explanation which involves the Axion Quark Nugget (AQN) dark matter model. In our proposal, AQNs can cross the Earth and emit high energy photons at their exit. We show that the emitted spectrum is consistent with (Fraser et al. 2014), and that our calculation is not sensitive to the specific details of the model. Our proposal predicts a large seasonal variation, on the level of 20-25%, much larger than conventional dark matter models (1-10%). Since the AQN emission spectrum extends up to $\sim $ 100 keV, well beyond the keV sensitivity of XMM-Newton, we predict the AQN contribution to the hard X-ray and $γ$-ray backgrounds in the Earth's environment. The Gamma-Ray Burst Monitor (GBM) instrument, aboard the FERMI telescope, is sensitive to the 8 keV-40 MeV energy band. The NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array) is a NASA space based X ray telescope which operates in the range 3 to 79 keV is also sensitive to higher energy bands. We suggest that the multi-year archival data from the GBM or NuSTAR could be used to search for a seasonal variation in the near-Earth environment up to 100 keV as a future test of the AQN framework.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
