有效识别感染亚群
Efficient identification of infected sub-population
摘要：
当测试感染时，标准方法是单独测试每个受试者。如果检测方法使得来自多个受试者的样本可以有效地合并并立即检测，如果亚组中的任何一个受试者为阳性，则产生阳性结果，则通常可以用与测试受试者的数量相比少得多的测试数量来识别受感染的亚群。我们提出了两种这样的方法，允许增加测试效率（在测试的总数方面）的一个因素$\approx$ 10，如果人口感染率是$10^{-2}$和一个因素$\approx$ 50，当它是$10^{-3}$。当检测总人口的大部分时，这种方法可能是有用的，因为在当前的冠状病毒大流行期间可能需要这样做。
英文摘要：
When testing for infections, the standard method is to test each subject individually. If testing methodology is such that samples from multiple subjects can be efficiently combined and tested at once, yielding a positive results if any one subject in the subgroup is positive, then one can often identify the infected sub-population with a considerably lower number of tests compared to the number of test subjects. We present two such methods that allow an increase in testing efficiency (in terms of total number of test performed) by a factor of $\approx$ 10 if population infection rate is $10^{-2}$ and a factor of $\approx$50 when it is $10^{-3}$. Such methods could be useful when testing large fractions of the total population, as will be perhaps required during the current coronavirus pandemic.
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