arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2003.14245cond-mat.mes-hallquant-ph
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二维电子系统中的广义自旋轨道相互作用

Generalized spin-orbit interaction in two-dimensional electron systems

A. A. Eremko, L. Brizhik, V. M. Loktev

摘要:

在将电子和正电子描述为旋量场元激发的Dirac量子场论的框架下,考虑到外势的存在,利用非相对论近似得到了旋量场Hamilton算符的广义旋轨相互作用算符.该运营商被证明包含一个新的长期除了已知的。以量子阱形式的模型势为例,证明了具有广义自旋-轨道相互作用算符的薛定谔方程描述了直接由Dirac方程得到的所有自旋态.分析了量子阱中准二维电子系统中自旋轨道相互作用对自旋态的依赖性。结果表明,量子阱层中的电流在界面附近引起载流子的自旋极化,而在不同的界面处,载流子的极化方向相反.这种现象是由于自旋-轨道相互作用而出现的,并且被称为自旋霍尔效应,其在具有相应几何形状的异质结构中被实验观察到。

英文摘要:

In frame of Dirac quantum field theory that describes electrons and positrons as elementary excitations of the spinor field, the generalized operator of the spin-orbit interaction is obtained using non-relativistic approximation in the Hamilton operator of the spinor field taking into account the presence of an external potential. This operator is shown to contain a new term in addition to the known ones. By an example of a model potential in the form of a quantum well, it is demonstrated that the Schroedinger equation with the generalized spin-orbit interaction operator describes all spin states obtained directly from the Dirac equation. The dependence of the spin-orbit interaction on the spin states in quasi-two-dimensional systems of electrons localized in a quantum well is analyzed. It is demonstrated that the electric current in the quantum well layer induces the spin polarization of charge carriers near the boundary surfaces of the layer, with the polarization of the charge carriers being opposite at the different surfaces. This phenomenon appears due to the spin-orbit interaction and is known as the spin Hall effect, which was observed experimentally in heterostructures with the corresponding geometry.

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