慢电子与近场光强相互作用的第一性原理研究
Strong interaction of slow electrons with near-field light visited from first principles
摘要：
光与物质波之间的强相互作用，例如电子显微镜中的电子束，最近已经成为理解纠缠的新工具。在这里，我们系统地研究电子-光相互作用的第一性原理。我们表明，增强耦合可以实现慢电子波包与等离子体纳米粒子相互作用的系统，由于同时经典反冲和量子力学光子吸收和发射过程。对于慢电子的纵向加宽长于纳米粒子的尺寸，慢电子和等离子体激元振荡之间的相位匹配表现为控制耦合强度的额外自由度。我们的研究结果为系统和现实地理解超越绝热近似的电子-光相互作用铺平了道路，并为实现纠缠电子-光子系统和涉及光和物质波的玻色子采样设备奠定了基础。
英文摘要：
Strong interaction between light and matter waves, such as electron beams in electron microscopes, has recently emerged as a new tool for understanding entanglement. Here, we systematically investigate electron-light interactions from first principles. We show that enhanced coupling can be achieved for systems involving slow electron wavepackets interacting with plasmonic nanoparticles, due to simultaneous classical recoil and quantum mechanical photon absorption and emission processes. For slow electrons with longitudinal broadenings longer than the dimensions of nanoparticles, phase-matching between slow electrons and plasmonic oscillations is manifested as an additional degree of freedom to control the strength of coupling. Our findings pave the way towards a systematic and realistic understanding of electron-light interactions beyond adiabatic approximations, and lay the ground for realization of entangled electron-photon systems and Boson-sampling devices involving light and matter waves.
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