The bottom quark forward-backward asymmetry $A_{\rm{FB}}$ is a key observable in electron-positron collisions at the $Z^{0}$ peak. In this paper, we employ the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) to fix the $α_s$-running behavior of the next-to-next-to-leading order QCD corrections to $A_{\rm{FB}}$. The resulting PMC scale for this $A_{\rm{FB}}$ is an order of magnitude smaller than the conventional choice $μ_r=M_Z$. This scale has the physically reasonable behavior and reflects the virtuality of its QCD dynamics, which is independent to the choice of renormalization scale. Our analyses show that the effective momentum flow for the bottom quark forward-backward asymmetry should be $μ_r\ll M_Z$ other than the conventionally suggested $μ_r=M_Z$. Moreover, the convergence of perturbative QCD series for $A_{\rm{FB}}$ is greatly improved using the PMC. Our prediction for the bare bottom quark forward-backward asymmetry is refined to be $A^{0,b}_{\rm FB}=0.1004\pm0.0016$, which diminishes the well known tension between the experimental determination for this (pseudo) observable and the respective Standard Model fit to $2.1σ$.
We review in some detail the QCD corrections to the measurement of the forward-backward charge asymmetry of heavy quarks in the $\mathrm{e^+e^-\rightarrow Q\overline{Q}(g)}$ process at the Z pole. We show that the size of these corrections can be reduced by an order of magnitude by using simple cuts on jet acollinearity. Such a reduction is expected to lead to systematic uncertainties at the $Δ\mathrm{A_{FB}^{0,Q}} \approx 10^{-4}$ level, opening up the path to high precision electroweak measurements with heavy flavors at future high luminosity $\mathrm{e^+e^-}$ colliders like the FCC-ee.
Third family Yukawa unification, as suggested by minimal SO(10) unification, is revisited in light of recent experimental measurements and theoretical progress. We characterize unification in a semi-model-independent fashion, and conclude that finite $b$ quark mass corrections from superpartners must be nonzero, but much smaller than naively would be expected. We show that a solution that does not require cancellations of dangerously large tanbeta effects in observables implies that scalar superpartner masses should be substantially heavier than the Z scale, and perhaps inaccessible to all cur…
Antimatter cosmic-rays are used to probe new phenomena in physics, including dark matter annihilation. We use the cosmic-ray positron fraction spectrum by the Alpha Magnetic Spectrometer, to search for such an annihilation signal in the Galaxy. We focus on dark matter with mass between 5 and 120 GeV, producing high-energy electrons and positrons. In these cosmic-ray energies the interplay of multiple astrophysical sources and phenomena, makes this search highly sensitive to the underlying astrophysical background assumptions. We use a vast public library of astrophysical models for the cosmic-…
We revisit the multi-component leptonically decaying dark matter (DM) scenario to explain the possible electron/positron excesses with the recently updated AMS-02 data. We find that both the single- and two-component DM models can fit the positron fraction and $e^+/e^-$ respective fluxes, in which the two-component ones provide better fits. However, for the single-component models, the recent AMS-02 data on the positron fraction limit the DM cutoff to be smaller than 1 TeV, which conflicts with the high-energy behavior of the AMS-02 total $e^++e^-$ flux spectrum, while the two-component DM mod…
Joint energy distribution of the bottom quark and antiquark from decays of the top quark and antiquark produced in the reaction $e^+ e^- \to t \bar{t}$ is studied. Main emphasis is put on $CP$-violation effects in the interaction of the photon and $Z$ boson with the top quarks. Energy asymmetries of $b$ and $\bar{b}$ quarks, which give access to the $CP$-violating terms, are considered. To estimate the magnitude of these asymmetries, the $CP$-violating $γt t $ and $Z t t$ couplings are calculated in one-loop model with exchange of the Higgs boson with the mass of $125$ GeV. Interaction of this…
The distributions of the bottom quark in the process $e^+ e^- \to t \, \bar{t} \to b \, W^+ \, \bar{t}$ are considered at the $e^+ e^-$ energy corresponding to the first construction stage of the Compact Linear Collider. The cross sections of $e^+ e^- \to b \ldots$, as functions of the $b$-quark energy and angle with respect to the direction of the electron beam, are derived and calculated. The effects of physics beyond the Standard Model are included via the modified $γt \bar{t}$ and $Z t \bar{t}$ couplings which naturally appear in effective field theories. In addition to the cross sections,…
Squark mixing plays a large role in the phenomenology of the minimal supersymmetric standard model, determining the mass of the lightest Higgs boson and the electroweak interactions of the squarks themselves. We examine how mixing may be investigated in high energy $e^+ e^-$ reactions, both at LEP-II and the proposed linear collider. In particular, off-diagonal production of one lighter and one heavier squark allows one to measure the squark mixing angle, and would allow one to test the mass relations for the light Higgs boson. In some cases off-diagonal production may provide the best prospec…
Expressions for Sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented. They are used to construct resummed jet rates in electron-positron annihilation. Predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at LEP and top quarks at the Linear Collider.
Recent analytical and numerical results for the three-loop polarization function allow to present a phenomenological analysis of the cross section for massive quark production in electron positron annihilation to order $α_s^2$. Numerical predictions based on fixed order perturbation theory are presented for charm and bottom production above 5 and 11.5 GeV, respectively. The contribution from these energy regions to $α(M_Z^2)$, the running QED coupling constant at scale M_Z, are given. The dominant terms close to threshold, i.e. in an expansion for small quark velocity $β$, are presented.
Expressions for Sudakov form factors for heavy quarks are presented. They are used to construct resummed jet rates in electron-positron annihilation. Predictions are given for production of bottom quarks at LEP and top quarks at the Linear Collider.
The talk is on a computational set-up for calculating the production of a massive quark-antiquark pair in electron positron collisions to order $α_s^2$ in the coupling of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) at the differential level using the antenna subtraction method. Theoretical predictions on the production of top quark pairs in the continuum, and the bottom quark pairs at the $Z$ resonance, will be discussed. In particular, we would be focusing on the order $α_s^2$ QCD corrections to the heavy quark forward-backward asymmetry (AFB) in electron positron collisions. In the case of the AFB of botto…
Revisiting the limits on dark matter annihilation cross-section and decay lifetime in light of electron and positron fluxes
Yokohama National University（横滨国立大学）；RIKEN Center for Interdisciplinary Theoretical and Mathematical Sciences(iTHEMS), RIKEN（理化学研究所交叉理论数学科学中心(iTHEMS)）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan (NAOJ)（日本国立天文台）；SOKENDAI（综合研究大学院大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；KEK（高能加速器研究机构）；Kavli IPMU (WPI), UTIAS, The University of Tokyo（东京大学柏校区卡弗里宇宙物理学与数学国际研究中心）；Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad（印度理工学院海得拉巴分校）
We discuss the one-loop radiative corrections to the reaction e^+ e^- -> X^+_a X^-_b, for a,b=1,2 where X^+_{1,2} are the charginos of the minimal supersymmetric standard model. We calculate the leading one loop radiative corrections involving loops of top, stop, bottom and sbottom quarks, working in the MS-bar scheme. At LEP2 we find positive radiative corrections typically of 10% to 15% and with a maximum value of approximately 30% if the squark mass parameters are of the order of 1 TeV. If \sqrt{s}=500 GeV we find smaller corrections but they can be also negative, with extreme values of 13%…
We present predictions for the Higgs boson decay into four bottom quarks in the standard model and via light exotic scalars retaining full bottom-quark mass dependence. In the SM the decay can be induced either by the Yukawa couplings of bottom quarks and top quarks or the electroweak couplings. We calculate the partial decay width and various differential distributions up to next-to-leading order in QCD. We find large QCD corrections for decay via Yukawa couplings, as large as 90% for the partial decay width, and reduced scale variations. The results of this paper are therefore helpful for th…
Using new four-loop results for the heavy quark vacuum polarization and new data for bottom quark production in electron-positron annihilation, an update on the determination of charm- and bottom-quark masses through sum rules has been performed. The previous result for the charm-quark mass, $m_c(3 {\rm GeV})= 0.986(13) {\rm GeV}$, based on the lowest moment, is supported by the new results from higher moments which lead to consistent values with comparable errors. The new value for the bottom quark, $m_b(10 {\rm GeV})= 3.610(16) {\rm GeV}$, corresponding to $m_b(m_b)= 4.163(16) {\rm GeV}$, ma…
In this work we evaluate the cross section of the process $e^+e^-\to J/ψη_c$ at energy $\sqrt{s}\approx 10.6$ GeV in the Bethe-Salpeter formalism. To simplify our calculation, the heavy quark limit is employed. Without taking the beyond-leading-order contribution(s) into account, the cross section calculated in this scenario is comparable with the experimental data. We also present our prediction for the cross section of double bottomonium production $e^+e^-\to Υ(1S)η_b$ for the energy range of $\sqrt{s}\approx (25 \hbox{-} 30)$ GeV which may be experimentally tested, even though there is no f…
We present a general argument that highlights the difficulty of determining the space-time structure of the renormalizable bottom quark Yukawa interactions of the Standard Model Higgs boson, or for that matter of any hypothetical spin-zero particle, at high energy colliders. The essence of the argument is that, it is always possible, by chiral rotations, to transform between scalar and pseudoscalar Yukawa interactions without affecting the interactions of bottom quarks with SM gauge bosons. Since these rotations affect only the $b$-quark mass terms in the Standard Model Lagrangian, any differe…
We evaluate the implications of LHC and LEP/SLC measurements for the electro-weak couplings of the top and bottom quarks. We derive global bounds on the Wilson coefficients of ten two-fermion operators in an effective field theory description. The combination of hadron collider data with $Z$-pole measurements is found to yield tight limits on the operator coefficients that modify the left-handed couplings of the bottom and top quark to the $Z$ boson. We also present projections for the high-luminosity phase of the LHC and for future electron-positron colliders. The bounds on the operator coeff…
The process of hard photon emission by initial electrons (positrons) at B-factories is discussed. It is shown that studies of the bottomonium spectroscopy will be feasible for the planned integrated luminosity of the B-factory experiments.
Accessing a full image of the inner content of hadrons represents a central endeavour of modern particle physics, with the main scientific motivation to investigate the strong interaction binding the visible matter. On the one hand, the structure of known exotic candidates is a fundamental open issue addressed widely by scientists. On the other hand, looking for new states of exotic nature is a central component for theoretical and experimental efforts from electron-positron machine and electron accelerator with fixed target to heavy ion and electron-ion colliders. In this article we present a…
We discuss production of charm quarks and mesons as well as nonphotonic electrons in $pp$ scattering at RHIC. The distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum of charm and bottom quarks/antiquarks are calculated in the $k_t$-factorization approach. The hadronization of heavy quarks is done by means of fenomenological fragmentation functions. The semileptonic decay functions found by fitting semileptonic decay data measured by the CLEO and BABAR collaborations are used. Good description of the inclusive data at large transverse momenta of electrons is obtained and a missing strength at sma…
The influence of nonvanishing quark masses on the total cross section in electron positron collisions and on the $Z$ decay rate is calculated. The corrections are expanded in $m^2/s$ and $\as$. Methods similar to those applied for the quadratic mass terms allow to derive the corrections of order $\as m^4/s^2$ and $\as^2m^4/s^2$. Coefficients which depend logarithmically on $m^2/s$ and which cannot be absorbed in a running quark mass arise in order $\as^2$. The implications of these results on electron positron annihilation cross sections at LEP and at lower energies in particular between the c…
Recent developments in perturbative QCD, leading to the beta function in five-loop approximation are presented. In a first step the two most important decay modes of the Higgs boson are discussed: decays into a pair of gluons and, alternatively, decays into a bottom-antibottom quark pair. Subsequently the quark mass anomalous dimension is presented which is important for predicting the value of the bottom quark mass at high scales and, consequently, the Higgs boson decay rate into pair of massive quarks, in particular into $b\bar b$. In the next section the $α_s^4$ corrections to the vector- a…
Exclusive quarkonium pair production in electron-positron collisions is studied in non-relativistic QCD. The obtained cross section for J/ψ+ η_c production in the leading order is confronted against the recent measurements by the Belle Collaboration at KEKB. It is shown that a large renormalization K-factor is necessary to explain the experimental data. We point out that the J^{PC}=0^{-+} nature of the hadronic systems that are assigned to be η_c should be tested by the triple angular distributions in terms of the scattering angle, and, polar and azimuthal angles of J/ψinto leptons. We further…
QCD corrections to the electron positron annihilation cross-section into hadrons and to the hadronic $Z$ boson decay rate are reviewed. Formal developments are introduced in a form particularly suited for practical applications. These include the operator product expansion, the heavy mass expansion, the decoupling of heavy quarks and matching conditions. Exact results for the quark mass depen- dence are presented whenever available, and formulae valid in the limit of small bottom mass ($m_{b}^2\ll s$) or of large top mass ($m_{t}^2\gg s$) are presen- ted. The differences between vector and axi…
We discuss production of charm quarks, mesons as well as nonphotonic electrons in $pp$ scattering at RHIC. The distributions in rapidity and transverse momentum of charm and bottom quarks/antiquarks are calculated in the $k_t$-factorization approach. The hadronization of heavy quarks is done by means of fenomenological fragmentation functions and semileptonic decay functions are found by fitting semileptonic decay data. Good description of the inclusive data at large transverse momenta of electrons is obtained and a missing strength at small transverse momenta of electrons is found. In additio…
