预序半域和半环的抽象比较定理 I
Abstract Vergleichsstellensätze for preordered semifields and semirings I
AI总结:
本文针对实代数中研究预序半环和半域的新兴子领域,发展了若干基础性结果,提出了两个抽象比较定理,并展示了其如何恢复Strassen的比较定理及Krivine-Kadison-Dubois的经典正性定理。
摘要:
实代数通常被认为是研究域和环上某些类型预序的学科。其核心主题之一是被称为正性定理的分离定理。然而,实代数中存在一个新兴子领域,致力于研究预序半环和半域,其动机来自于概率论、图论和理论计算机科学等领域的应用。在此,我们通过为该子领域发展若干基础性结果来做出贡献,其中两个抽象比较定理是我们的主要定理。我们的第一个比较定理指出,每个半域预序都是其全序扩张的交集。我们应用该定理推导出第二个主要结果,即针对某些非阿基米德预序半环的比较定理,其中到热带实数的同态起着重要作用。我们展示了该结果如何恢复Strassen现有的比较定理,并(通过后者)恢复Krivine-Kadison-Dubois的经典正性定理。
英文摘要:
Real algebra is usually thought of as the study of certain kinds of preorders on fields and rings. Among its core themes are the separation theorems known as Positivstellensätze. However, there is a nascent subfield of real algebra which studies preordered semirings and semifields, which is motivated by applications to probability, graph theory and theoretical computer science, among others. Here, we contribute to this subfield by developing a number of foundational results for it, with two abstract Vergleichsstellensätze being our main theorems. Our first Vergleichsstellensatz states that every semifield preorder is the intersection of its total extensions. We apply this to derive our second main result, a Vergleichsstellensatz for certain non-Archimedean preordered semirings in which the homomorphisms to the tropical reals play an important role. We show how this result recovers the existing Vergleichsstellensatz of Strassen and (through the latter) the classical Positivstellensatz of Krivine--Kadison--Dubois.
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