黑暗MACHO的测试：透镜，吸积和辉光
Tests of Dark MACHOs: Lensing, Accretion, and Glow
摘要：
暗物质可以采取暗质量致密晕天体（dMACHO）的形式;即，由暗区基本粒子组成的复合物体，其宏观质量可以从普朗克尺度到太阳质量尺度以上，并且还可以容纳各种各样的能量密度和大小。集中在引力相互作用的dMACHO与可见物质，我们映射出的质量半径参数空间，这是一致的引力透镜实验，以及各向异性的宇宙微波背景（CMB）的基础上的球形吸积物质到dMACHO在流体静力学近似。对于具有均匀密度质量分布和总质量在$\sim 10^{-12} - 10\,M_\odot$范围内的dMACHO，我们发现，如果dMACHO的半径大于$\approx 3$乘以透镜系统的爱因斯坦半径，则dMACHO可以解释100%的暗物质。对于$10\,M_\odot$以上的较大质量，半径大于$\sim 1 \times 10^8 \mbox{cm} \times(M/100\,M_\odot)^{9/2}$的d2 O与CMB观测值一致。对于质量低于$\sim 10^{-12}\,M_\odot$的较轻的氘氧，仍然没有一个好的实验探针。最后，我们指出，质量为$\sim 0.1\,M_\odot$的较重的dMACHO可以通过X射线和光学望远镜观察到，如果它们在太阳系附近的大分子云中静止，并吸积普通物质以发射光子。
英文摘要：
Dark matter could take the form of dark massive compact halo objects (dMACHOs); i.e., composite objects that are made up of dark-sector elementary particles, that could have a macroscopic mass from the Planck scale to above the solar mass scale, and that also admit a wide range of energy densities and sizes. Concentrating on the gravitational interaction of dMACHOs with visible matter, we map out the mass-radius parameter space that is consistent with gravitational lensing experiments, as well as anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) based on the spherical accretion of matter onto a dMACHO in the hydrostatic approximation. For dMACHOs with a uniform-density mass profile and total mass in the range of $\sim 10^{-12} - 10\,M_\odot$, we find that a dMACHO could explain 100% of the dark matter if its radius is above $\approx 3$ times the Einstein radius of the lensing system. For a larger mass above $10\,M_\odot$, a dMACHO with radius above $\sim 1 \times 10^8 \mbox{cm} \times(M/100\,M_\odot)^{9/2}$ is consistent with CMB observables. For a lighter dMACHO with mass below $\sim 10^{-12}\,M_\odot$, there still is not a good experimental probe. Finally, we point out that heavier dMACHOs with masses $\sim 0.1\,M_\odot$ may be observed by X-ray and optical telescopes if they reside at rest in a large molecular cloud, nearby to our solar system, and accrete ordinary matter to emit photons.
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