控制性乙醇蒸汽吸入消毒人体呼吸道SARS-CoV-2（COVID-19）的可能性
Possibility of Disinfection of SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) in Human Respiratory Tract by Controlled Ethanol Vapor Inhalation
摘要：
病毒如SARS-CoV-2和流感病毒是亲脂性的，有包膜的病毒，并且相对容易通过暴露于酒精而被灭活。包膜主要由脂质双层组成，在病毒生命周期的组装/出芽阶段从宿主细胞中获取。因此，脂质双层的构成在所有SARS、MERS和流感病毒中应该是共同的，即使在突变之后，并且因此这些密切相关的病毒将通过暴露于具有相同浓度的乙醇而被消毒。现有的实验数据表明，30~40 v/v%的乙醇浓度足以灭活溶液中的甲型流感病毒[1，2，3]。作者建议，可以使用浓度为16~20 v/v%的酒精饮料进行此消毒过程，如威士忌（1：1热水稀释）或日本清酒，因为它们容易获得且安全（无毒）。通过鼻子吸入温度为50~60 $^\circ$ C（122~140 $^\circ$ F）的酒精蒸汽1 ~ 2分钟，酒精蒸汽将凝结在呼吸道内的表面上;主要是鼻腔内。酒精浓度将通过该过程强化至~36 v/v%，足以消毒粘膜上的冠状病毒。这种方法也提供更多的水分进入呼吸道，并有助于通过刺激擤鼻涕来清洁鼻腔内部，还使粘液自动扶梯积极工作，以便气管中的自清洁机制更快地清除病毒。还讨论了另一种提示方法。我们使用40 v/v%的威士忌或类似的酒精，滴在纱布上，在室温下慢慢吸入蒸汽。这种方法适用于鼻腔的前部。这适用于临床工作者，因为他们可能需要随时采取及时的预防措施。
英文摘要：
Viruses such as SARS-CoV-2 and Influenza are lipophilic, enveloped viruses, and are relatively easy to inactivate by exposure to alcohols. The envelope mainly consists of the lipid bilayer, taken from the host cells at assembly/budding stage of the viral life cycle. Therefore the constitution of the lipid bilayer should be common in all SARS, MERS and influenza viruses, even after mutations, and thus these closely-related viruses will be disinfected by exposure to ethanol with the same concentration. Existing experimental data indicate that an ethanol concentration of 30~40 v/v% is sufficient to inactivate Influenza-A viruses in solution[1,2,3]. The author suggests that it may be possible to use alcoholic beverages of 16~20 v/v% concentration for this disinfection process, such as Whisky (1:1 hot water dilution) or Japanese Sake, because they are readily available and safe (non-toxic). By inhaling the alcohol vapor at 50~60$^\circ$C (122~140$^\circ$F) through the nose for one or two minutes, it will condense on surfaces inside the respiratory tract; mainly in the nasal cavity. The alcohol concentration will be intensified to ~36 v/v% by this process, which is enough to disinfect the corona virus on the mucous membrane. This method also provides more moisture into respiratory tract, and helps to clean the inside of the nasal cavity by stimulating blowing of the nose, and also makes the mucous escalator work actively so that the self-clearing mechanism in the trachea will remove viruses faster. An alternative prompt method is also discussed. We use 40 v/v% whisky or similar alcohol, dripping on a gauze, inhale the vapor slowly at room temperature. This method works well for the front part of the nasal cavity. This is suitable for clinical workers, because they may need to use prompt preventative measures at any time.
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