陷入回音室：推特上的意大利疫苗接种辩论
Falling into the Echo Chamber: the Italian Vaccination Debate on Twitter
摘要：
麻疹在美国和欧洲的重新出现，这种疾病被认为在21世纪初被消灭，伴随着社交媒体上关于疫苗接种优点的争论越来越多。在这项研究中，我们研究了Twitter上的疫苗接种辩论在多大程度上有助于潜在的疫苗接种犹豫。我们关注意大利，这是受最近麻疹疫情影响最严重的国家之一。我们发现，疫苗接种怀疑论者和倡导者都住在自己独特的“回音室”里。这些社区的结构也各不相同，怀疑论者被安排在一个紧密相连的集群中，而倡导者则围绕少数权威中心组织起来。在这些回音室的中心，我们找到了热情的支持者，我们为他们构建了高度准确的基于网络和基于内容的分类器（达到95%的交叉验证准确率）。这项研究的见解提供了几个潜在的未来的干预措施，包括网络引导的目标，会计的政治背景，并监测替代信息来源的途径。
英文摘要：
The reappearance of measles in the US and Europe, a disease considered eliminated in early 2000s, has been accompanied by a growing debate on the merits of vaccination on social media. In this study we examine the extent to which the vaccination debate on Twitter is conductive to potential outreach to the vaccination hesitant. We focus on Italy, one of the countries most affected by the latest measles outbreaks. We discover that the vaccination skeptics, as well as the advocates, reside in their own distinct "echo chambers". The structure of these communities differs as well, with skeptics arranged in a tightly connected cluster, and advocates organizing themselves around few authoritative hubs. At the center of these echo chambers we find the ardent supporters, for which we build highly accurate network- and content-based classifiers (attaining 95% cross-validated accuracy). Insights of this study provide several avenues for potential future interventions, including network-guided targeting, accounting for the political context, and monitoring of alternative sources of information.
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