基于Micromegas的μTPC-MIMAC探测器的暗物质方向性探测性能
Dark Matter Directionality Detection performance of the Micromegas-based $μ$TPC-MIMAC detector
AI总结：
本文研究了基于Micromegas的μTPC-MIMAC探测器的暗物质方向性探测性能，通过低能离子束和单能中子场实验测量了核反冲径迹的角分布，发现其角分辨率优于15度，并证明质子是探测轻WIMPs的更优靶材。
摘要：
方向性暗物质探测（DDMD）可以为弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMPs）暗物质开启一种新的特征信号。此外，这种方向性特征还提供了一种克服中子和中微子背景的独特方法。为了获得方向性特征，DDM探测器需要对keV量级的低能核反冲敏感，并且角分辨率需优于$20^{\circ}$。我们利用低能（$<30\\,\mathrm{keV}$）离子束装置进行了实验，以测量MIMAC探测器原型中核反冲径迹的角分布。本文研究了该低能范围内氟核径迹相对于电子漂移方向（$0^{\circ}$入射角）的角展宽，并展示了由单能中子场实验产生的核反冲角重建结果。我们发现，一种高增益系统效应使得沿电子漂移方向具有高角分辨率。测量到的角分布受扩散、空间电荷或离子反馈效应的影响，这可以通过在flash-ADC轮廓中观察到的不对称因子进行修正。在$10$ keV动能下，$0^{\circ}$入射离子的估计角分辨率优于$15^{\circ}$，且在$20$%的误差范围内与模拟结果一致。核反冲分布已与基于修改版Garfield++代码的模拟结果进行了比较。我们的研究表明，对于轻WIMPs的DDMD，质子将比更重的原子核更适合作为靶材。我们证明，通过对低压探测器工作条件及其扩散机制的深入理解，在实验上是可以实现源自银河系晕的暗物质WIMP信号的方向性特征的。
英文摘要：
Directional Dark Matter Detection (DDMD) can open a new signature for Weakly Massive Interacting Particles (WIMPs) Dark Matter. The directional signature provides in addition, an unique way to overcome the neutron and neutrino backgrounds. In order to get the directional signature, the DDM detectors should be sensitive to low nuclear energy recoils in the keV range and have an angular resolution better than $20^{\circ}$. We have performed experiments with low energy ($<30\,\mathrm{keV}$) ion beam facilities to measure the angular distribution of nuclear recoil tracks in a MIMAC detector prototype. In this paper, we study angular spreads with respect to the electron drift direction ($0^{\circ}$ incident angle) of Fluorine nuclear tracks in this low energy range, and show nuclear recoil angle reconstruction produced by a monoenergetic neutron field experiment. We find that a high-gain systematic effect leads to a high angular resolution along the electron drift direction. The measured angular distribution is impacted by diffusion, and space charge or ion feedback effects, which can be corrected for by an asymmetry factor observed in the flash-ADC profile. The estimated angular resolution of the $0^{\circ}$ incident ion is better than $15^{\circ}$ at $10$ keV kinetic energy and agrees with the simulations within $20$%. The distributions from the nuclear recoils have been compared with simulated results based on a modified Garfield++ code. Our study shows that protons would be a more adapted target than heavier nuclei for DDMD of light WIMPs. We demonstrate that directional signature from the Galactic halo origin of a Dark Matter WIMP signal is experimentally achievable, with a deep understanding of the operating conditions of a low pressure detector with its diffusion mechanism.
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