金属氧化物纳米晶的耗尽吸引普遍凝胶化
Universal Gelation of Metal Oxide Nanocrystals via Depletion Attractions
摘要：
纳米晶凝胶化提供了一个强大的框架，将纳米级性能转化为散装材料，并通过组装的微观结构工程师涌现的性能。然而，许多已建立的凝胶化策略依赖于化学反应和特定的相互作用，例如，稳定纳米晶体表面上的配体或离子，因此不易转移。在这里，我们报告了一个一般的凝胶化策略，通过非特异性和纯粹的熵消耗的吸引力，适用于三种类型的金属氧化物纳米晶体。两个组成不同的球形纳米晶体的凝胶化阈值同意定量，表明该方法对不同化学物质的适应性。与理论相行为预测相一致的是，微立方体在比微球体更低的聚合物浓度下形成凝胶，允许形状作为控制凝胶化的把手。这些结果表明，传统上与较大胶体颗粒相关的耗尽驱动组装的基本基础也适用于纳米级。
英文摘要：
Nanocrystal gelation provides a powerful framework to translate nanoscale properties into bulk materials and to engineer emergent properties through the assembled microstructure. However, many established gelation strategies rely on chemical reactions and specific interactions, e.g., stabilizing ligands or ions on the surface of the nanocrystals, and are therefore not easily transferrable. Here, we report a general gelation strategy via non-specific and purely entropic depletion attractions applied to three types of metal oxide nanocrystals. The gelation thresholds of two compositionally distinct spherical nanocrystals agree quantitatively, demonstrating the adaptability of the approach for different chemistries. Consistent with theoretical phase behavior predictions, nanocrystal cubes form gels at a lower polymer concentration than nanocrystal spheres, allowing shape to serve as a handle to control gelation. These results suggest that the fundamental underpinnings of depletion-driven assembly, traditionally associated with larger colloidal particles, are also applicable at the nanoscale.
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