恒星形成区的高能粒子和辐射
High-energy particles and radiation in star-forming regions
摘要：
非热粒子和高能辐射可以在恒星形成区域的动力学过程中发挥作用，并为恒星结构和组成的多波长观测图像提供重要的组成部分。在大质量恒星和OB星协组成的致密星团中，强大的恒星风和超新星是高能粒子加速的有利场所，也是非热辐射和中微子的来源。也就是说，年轻的大质量星团很可能是PeV（拍电子伏特）体系宇宙射线（CR）的来源。它们也可能是宇宙射线组成的原因，例如，22 Ne/20 Ne异常同位素比值。有效的粒子加速可以伴随着系统中涨落磁场的超绝热放大，通过CR驱动的不稳定性将风和超新星的部分动能转换为磁能。在源附近的逃逸和CR传播受到非线性CR反馈的影响。这些效应在产生高能中微子和伽马射线的星暴星系中很重要。本文简要回顾了年轻恒星星族星形成区高能粒子加速及其辐射的理论模型和观测数据。
英文摘要：
Non-thermal particles and high-energy radiation can play a role in the dynamical processes in star-forming regions and provide an important piece of the multiwavelength observational picture of their structure and components. Powerful stellar winds and supernovae in compact clusters of massive stars and OB associations are known to be favourable sites of high-energy particle acceleration and sources of non-thermal radiation and neutrinos. Namely, young massive stellar clusters are likely sources of the PeV (petaelectronvolt) regime cosmic rays (CRs). They can also be responsible for the cosmic ray composition, e.g., 22Ne/20Ne anomalous isotopic ratio in CRs. Efficient particle acceleration can be accompanied by super-adiabatic amplification of the fluctuating magnetic fields in the systems converting a part of kinetic power of the winds and supernovae into the magnetic energy through the CR-driven instabilities. The escape and CR propagation in the vicinity of the sources are affected by the non-linear CR feedback. These effects are expected to be important in starburst galaxies, which produce high-energy neutrinos and gamma-rays. We give a brief review of the theoretical models and observational data on high-energy particle acceleration and their radiation in star-forming regions with young stellar population.
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