用于EU决策的人工智能。公民对投入产出合法性感知的影响
Artificial Intelligence for EU Decision-Making. Effects on Citizens Perceptions of Input, Throughput and Output Legitimacy
摘要：
缺乏政治合法性损害了欧洲联盟解决重大危机的能力，并威胁到整个体系的稳定。通过将数字数据纳入政治进程，欧盟寻求将决策越来越多地建立在可靠的经验证据基础上。特别是，人工智能系统有可能通过识别紧迫的社会问题、预测潜在的政策结果、为政策过程提供信息以及评估政策有效性来提高政治合法性。本文研究了公民对欧盟投入、产出和产出合法性的看法如何受到三种不同决策安排的影响。第一，独立的人类决策，HDM，第二，独立的算法决策，ADM，第三，欧盟政治家和基于AI的系统一起进行混合决策。一项有572名受访者参与的预先注册在线实验的结果表明，现有的欧盟决策安排仍被视为最民主的合法性。然而，关于决策过程本身-吞吐量的合法性-和其政策结果-输出的合法性，没有观察到的现状和混合决策涉及ADM和民主选举的欧盟机构之间的差异。如果ADM系统是唯一的决策者，受访者往往认为这些是非法的。本文讨论了这些研究结果对欧盟合法性和数据驱动决策的影响。
英文摘要：
A lack of political legitimacy undermines the ability of the European Union to resolve major crises and threatens the stability of the system as a whole. By integrating digital data into political processes, the EU seeks to base decision-making increasingly on sound empirical evidence. In particular, artificial intelligence systems have the potential to increase political legitimacy by identifying pressing societal issues, forecasting potential policy outcomes, informing the policy process, and evaluating policy effectiveness. This paper investigates how citizens perceptions of EU input, throughput, and output legitimacy are influenced by three distinct decision-making arrangements. First, independent human decision-making, HDM, Second, independent algorithmic decision-making, ADM, and, third, hybrid decision-making by EU politicians and AI-based systems together. The results of a pre-registered online experiment with 572 respondents suggest that existing EU decision-making arrangements are still perceived as the most democratic - input legitimacy. However, regarding the decision-making process itself - throughput legitimacy - and its policy outcomes - output legitimacy, no difference was observed between the status quo and hybrid decision-making involving both ADM and democratically elected EU institutions. Where ADM systems are the sole decision-maker, respondents tend to perceive these as illegitimate. The paper discusses the implications of these findings for EU legitimacy and data-driven policy-making.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
