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arXiv 2003.11084astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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外彗星:光谱测量

Exocomets: A spectroscopic survey

I. Rebollido, C. Eiroa, B. Montesinos, J. Maldonado, E. Villaver, O. Absil, A. Bayo, H. Canovas, A. Carmona, Ch. Chen, S. Ertel, Th. Henning, D. P. Iglesias, R.… 展开作者

I. Rebollido, C. Eiroa, B. Montesinos, J. Maldonado, E. Villaver, O. Absil, A. Bayo, H. Canovas, A. Carmona, Ch. Chen, S. Ertel, Th. Henning, D. P. Iglesias, R. Launhardt, R. Liseau, G. Meeus, A. Moór, A. Mora, J. Olofsson, G. Rauw, P. Riviere-Marichalar

摘要:

虽然系外行星现在已被常规探测到,但对太阳系外小天体的探测仍然具有挑战性。自从80年代初在$β$ Pic周围发现了被解释为外彗星(下落蒸发体)的零星事件以来,只有$\sim$ 20颗恒星被报道有类似外彗星的事件。我们的目标是扩大已知系外彗星宿主恒星的样本,以及监测具有先前已知系外彗星活动的恒星周围的热气环境。我们获得了光谱类型从B8到G8的117颗主序星的非均匀样本的高分辨率光谱。这些数据是在两个半球的14个观测活动中收集的,这些观测活动持续了两年多。我们分析了Ca II K&H和Na I D线,以寻找起源于拱星环境的非光球层反射,以及可能由外彗星状天体的放气引起的可变事件。我们已经检测到对50%的样本的非光球反射,归因于拱星起源的一半的检测(即26%的样本)。热拱星气体被检测到通过窄稳定的反射,和/或可变的蓝/红移吸收事件检查的金属线。在Ca ii和/或Na i线的18颗恒星中发现了这样的变星事件,其中6颗是首次报道。在某些情况下,我们报告的Ca ii K线的变化与在$β$ Pic中观察到的变化相似。虽然我们没有发现一个显着的趋势与恒星的年龄或位置,我们确实发现,发现CS气体的恒星具有较大的vsin i的概率较高。我们还发现了一个微弱的趋势,存在近红外过量,并与异常($λ$ Boo-like)丰度,但这将需要通过扩大样品的确认。

英文摘要:

While exoplanets are now routinely detected, the detection of small bodies in extrasolar systems remains challenging. Since the discovery of sporadic events interpreted as exocomets (Falling Evaporating Bodies) around $β$ Pic in the early 80s, only $\sim$20 stars have been reported to host exocomet-like events. We aim to expand the sample of known exocomet-host stars, as well as to monitor the hot-gas environment around stars with previously known exocometary activity. We have obtained high-resolution optical spectra of a heterogeneous sample of 117 main-sequence stars in the spectral type range from B8 to G8. The data have been collected in 14 observing campaigns expanding over 2 years from both hemispheres. We have analysed the Ca ii K&H and Na i D lines in order to search for non-photospheric absorptions originated in the circumstellar environment, and for variable events that could be caused by outgassing of exocomet-like bodies. We have detected non-photospheric absorptions towards 50% of the sample, attributing a circumstellar origin to half of the detections (i.e. 26% of the sample). Hot circumstellar gas is detected in the metallic lines inspected via narrow stable absorptions, and/or variable blue-/red-shifted absorption events. Such variable events were found in 18 stars in the Ca ii and/or Na i lines; 6 of them are reported in the context of this work for the first time. In some cases the variations we report in the Ca ii K line are similar to those observed in $β$ Pic. While we do not find a significant trend with the age or location of the stars, we do find that the probability of finding CS gas in stars with larger vsin i is higher. We also find a weak trend with the presence of near-infrared excess, and with anomalous ($λ$ Boo-like) abundances, but this would require confirmation by expanding the sample.

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