Catalogue with visual morphological classification of 32,616 radio galaxies with optical hosts
Natalia Żywucka, Dorota Kozieł-Wierzbowska, Arti Goyal
备注：
Proceedings paper under the IAU symposium "Nuclear Activity in Galaxies Across Cosmic Time", eds. M. Povic, P. Marziani, J. Masegosa, H. Netzer, S. H. Negu, and S. B. Tessema
We present the catalogue of Radio sources associated with Optical Galaxies and having Unresolved or Extended morphologies I (ROGUE I). It was generated by cross-matching galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey Data Release 7 (SDSS DR 7) as well as radio sources from the First Images of Radio Sky at Twenty Centimetre (FIRST) and the National Radio Astronomical Observatory VLA Sky Survey (NVSS) catalogues. We created the largest handmade catalogue of visually classified radio objects and associated with them optical host galaxies, containing 32,616 galaxies with a FIRST core within 3 arcsec of the optical position. All listed objects possess the good quality SDSS DR 7 spectra with the signal-to-noise ratio $>$10 and spectroscopic redshifts up to $z=0.6$. The radio morphology classification was performed by a visual examination of the FIRST and the NVSS contour maps overlaid on a DSS image, while an optical morphology classification was based on the 120 arcsec snapshot images from SDSS DR 7.
The majority of radio galaxies in ROGUE I, i.e. $\sim$ 93%, are unresolved (compact or elongated), while the rest of them exhibit extended morphologies, such as Fanaroff-Riley (FR) type I, II, and hybrid, wide-angle tail, narrow-angle tail, head-tail sources, and sources with intermittent or reoriented jet activity, i.e. double-double, X-shaped, and Z-shaped. Most of FR IIs have low radio luminosities, comparable to the luminosities of FR Is. Moreover, due to visual check of all radio maps and optical images, we were able to discover or reclassify a number of radio objects as giant, double-double, X-shaped, and Z-shaped radio galaxies. The presented sample can serve as a database for training automatic methods of identification and classification of optical and radio galaxies.
The morphological study is crucial to investigate the connections between active galactic nuclei (AGN) activities and the evolution of galaxies. Substantial studies have found that radiative-mode AGNs primarily reside in disk galaxies, questioning the merger-driven mechanism of AGN activities. In this study, through S{é}rsic profile fitting and non-parametric morphological parameter measurements, we investigated the morphology of host galaxies of 485 optical variability-selected low luminosity AGNs at $z\lesssim4.26$ in the COSMOS field. We analyzed high-resolution images of the Hubble Space T…
We present in this paper one of the largest galaxy morphological classification catalogues to date, including over 20 million of galaxies, using the Dark Energy Survey (DES) Year 3 data based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). Monochromatic $i$-band DES images with linear, logarithmic, and gradient scales, matched with debiased visual classifications from the Galaxy Zoo 1 (GZ1) catalogue, are used to train our CNN models. With a training set including bright galaxies ($16\le{i}<18$) at low redshift ($z<0.25$), we furthermore investigate the limit of the accuracy of our predictions applied…
A catalogue of the morphological features for the complete Spitzer Survey of Stellar Structure in Galaxies (S$^4$G), including 2352 nearby galaxies, is presented. The measurements are made using 3.6 $μ$m images, largely tracing the old stellar population; at this wavelength the effects of dust are also minimal. The measured features are the sizes, ellipticities, and orientations of bars, rings, ringlenses, and lenses. Measured in a similar manner are also barlenses (lens-like structures embedded in the bars), which are not lenses in the usual sense, being rather the more face-on counterparts o…
Galaxy morphology is a key parameter in galaxy evolution studies. The enormous number of galaxies which current and future surveys will observe demand of automated methods for morphological classification. Supervised learning techniques have been successfully used for the morphological classification of galaxies from different datasets, including Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS), Mapping Galaxies with Apache Point Observatory (MaNGA) or Dark Energy Survey (DES). With these proceedings, we release the morphological catalogue for a sample of 670,000 SDSS galaxies based on the deep learning models…
The morphological classification of active galaxies may be affected by the presence of active galactic nuclei (AGN). In this paper, we provide the most detailed analysis on how different AGN contributions, from 5% to 75%, to the total optical light may affect six commonly used morphological parameters and the final classification of AGN host galaxies at z$\sim$0. We used a local sample of >2000 visually classified non-active galaxies, to quantify how the contribution of a bright nuclear point source of different intensity could affect morphological parameters such as: asymmetry, Abraham concen…
We investigate the galaxy population in a field of the Perseus cluster that roughly covers the virial radius of the cluster. The galaxies were selected on Schmidt CCD images in B and H alpha in combination with SDSS images. We present a catalogue of 1294 galaxies. Morphological information was obtained for 90% of the galaxies from the `eyeball' inspection, partly supported by the surface brightness profile analysis. Redshifts were taken from SDSS, literature sources, and own spectroscopic observations and are available for 24% of the catalogues galaxies. The galaxy catalogue is used to derive …
We compare the two largest galaxy morphology catalogues, which separate early and late type galaxies at intermediate redshift. The two catalogues were built by applying supervised deep learning (convolutional neural networks, CNNs) to the Dark Energy Survey data down to a magnitude limit of $\sim$21 mag. The methodologies used for the construction of the catalogues include differences such as the cutout sizes, the labels used for training, and the input to the CNN - monochromatic images versus $gri$-band normalized images. In addition, one catalogue is trained using bright galaxies observed wi…
The morphology of galaxies provide us with a unique tool for relating and understanding other physical properties and their changes over the course of cosmic time. It is only recently that we have been afforded access to a wealth of data for an unprecedented number galaxies thanks to large and deep surveys, We present the morphological catalogue of the OTELO survey galaxies detected with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST)-ACS F814W images. We explore various methods applied in previous works to separate early-type (ET) and late-type (LT) galaxies classified via spectral energy distribution (SED)…
We present a morphological catalogue for $\sim$ 670,000 galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey in two flavours: T-Type, related to the Hubble sequence, and Galaxy Zoo 2 (GZ2 hereafter) classification scheme. By combining accurate existing visual classification catalogues with machine learning, we provide the largest and most accurate morphological catalogue up to date. The classifications are obtained with Deep Learning algorithms using Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). We use two visual classification catalogues, GZ2 and Nair & Abraham (2010), for training CNNs with colour images in ord…
We present a host morphological study of 1266 far-infrared galaxies (FIRGs) and submillimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Cosmic Evolution Survey field using the F160W and F814W images obtained by the Hubble Space Telescope. The FIRGs and SMGs are selected from the Herschel Multi-tiered Extragalactic Survey and the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey, respectively. Their precise locations are based on the interferometry data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array and the Very Large Array. These objects are mostly at $0.1\lesssim z\lesssim 3$. The SMGs can be regarded as the population at…
We present MORDOR (MORphological DecOmposeR, a new algorithm for structural decomposition of simulated galaxies based on stellar kinematics. The code measures the properties of up to five structural components (a thin/cold and a thick/warm disc, a classical and a secular bulge, and a spherical stellar halo), and determines the properties of a stellar bar (if present). A comparison with other algorithms presented in the literature yields overall good agreement, with MORDOR displaying a higher flexibility in correctly decomposing systems and identifying bars in crowded environments (e.g. with on…
We present a catalogue of local ($z<0.1$) galaxies that contain faint AGN. We select these objects by identifying galaxies that exhibit a significant excess in their radio luminosities, compared to what is expected from the observed levels of star-formation activity in these systems. This is achieved by comparing the optical (spectroscopic) star formation rate (SFR) to the 1.4~GHz luminosity measured from the FIRST survey. The majority of the AGN identified in this study are fainter than those in previous work, such as in the Best and Heckman (2012) catalogue. We show that these faint AGN make…
We tested how the AGN contribution (5% - 75% of the total flux) may affect different morphological parameters commonly used in galaxy classification. We carried out all analysis at $z$,$sim$,0 and at higher redshifts that correspond to the COSMOS field. Using a local training sample of $>$,2000 visually classified galaxies, we carried out all measurements with and without the central source and quantified how the contribution of a bright nuclear point source could affect different morphological parameters, such as: Abraham and Concelice-Bershady indices, Gini, Asymmetry, $M20$ moment of light,…
University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Polish Academy of Sciences（波兰科学院）；University of Louisville（路易斯维尔大学）
We present a machine learning analysis of five labelled galaxy catalogues from the Galaxy And Mass Assembly (GAMA): The SersicCatVIKING and SersicCatUKIDSS catalogues containing morphological features, the GaussFitSimple catalogue containing spectroscopic features, the MagPhys catalogue including physical parameters for galaxies, and the Lambdar catalogue, which contains photometric measurements. Extending work previously presented at the ESANN 2018 conference - in an analysis based on Generalized Relevance Matrix Learning Vector Quantization and Random Forests - we find that neither the data …
The well-known cluster of galaxies ZwCl0024+1652 at z $\sim$ 0.4, lacks an in-depth morphological classification of its central region. While previous studies provide a visual classification of a patched area, we used the public code called galaxy Support Vector Machine (galSVM) and HST/ACS data as well as WFP2 master catalogue to automatically classify all cluster members up to 1 Mpc. galSVM analyses galaxy morphologies through Support Vector Machine (SVM). From the 231 cluster galaxies, we classified 97 as early-types (ET) and 83 as late-types (LT). The remaining 51 stayed unclassified (or u…
We present the latest results of a semi-analytic model of galaxy formation, "New Numerical Galaxy Catalogue", which is combined with large cosmological N-body simulations. This model can reproduce statistical properties of galaxies at z < 6.0. We focus on the properties of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) and supermassive black holes, especially on the accretion timescale onto black holes. We find that the number density of AGNs at z < 1.5 and at hard X-ray luminosity 10^{ 44 }< erg/s is underestimated compared with recent observational estimates when we assume the exponentially decreasing accret…
We present a structural and morphological catalogue for 45 million objects selected from the first year of data from the Dark Energy Survey (DES). Single Sersic fits and non-parametric measurements are produced for g, r and i filters. The parameters from the best-fitting Sersic model (total magnitude, half-light radius, Sersic index, axis ratio and position angle) are measured with Galfit; the non-parametric coefficients (concentration, asymmetry, clumpiness, Gini, M20) are provided using the Zurich Estimator of Structural Types (ZEST+). To study the statistical uncertainties, we consider a sa…
We discuss the properties of H$α$ emission stars across the sample of 22035 spectra from the Gaia-ESO Survey internal data release, observed with the GIRAFFE instrument and largely belonging to stars in young open clusters. Automated fits using two independent Gaussian profiles and a third component that accounts for the nebular emission allow us to discern distinct morphological types of H$α$ line profiles with the introduction of a simplified classification scheme. All in all we find 3765 stars with intrinsic emission and sort their spectra into eight distinct morphological categories: singl…
With projects such as Laser Interferometer Space Antenna (LISA) and Pulsar Timing Arrays expected to detect gravitational waves from supermassive black hole mergers in the near future, it is key that we understand what we expect those detections to be, and maximize what we can learn from them. To address this, we study the mergers of supermassive black holes in the Illustris simulation, the overall rate of mergers, and the correlation between merging black holes and their host galaxies. We find that these mergers occur in typical galaxies along the $M_{\rm{BH}}-M_*$ relation, and that between …
We present the first Swift Ultraviolet/Optical Telescope Serendipitous Source Catalogue (UVOTSSC). The catalogue was compiled from 23,059 Swift datasets taken within the first five years of observations with the Swift UVOT. A purpose-built processing pipeline, based around the standard Swift processing tools, was employed. The catalogue contains positions, photometry in three UV and three optical bands, morphological information and data quality flags. In total, the catalogue contains 6,200,016 unique sources of which more than 2 million have multiple observations in the catalogue.
We aim to generate a catalogue of merging galaxies within the 5.4 sq. deg. North Ecliptic Pole over the redshift range $0.0 < z < 0.3$. To do this, imaging data from the Hyper Suprime-Cam are used along with morphological parameters derived from these same data. The catalogue was generated using a hybrid approach. Two neural networks were trained to perform binary merger non-merger classifications: one for galaxies with $z < 0.15$ and another for $0.15 \leq z < 0.30$. Each network used the image and morphological parameters of a galaxy as input. The galaxies that were identified as merger cand…
Studying the morphology of a large sample of active galaxies at different wavelengths and comparing it with active galactic nuclei (AGN) properties, such as black hole mass ($M_{BH}$) and Eddington ratio ($λ_{Edd}$), can help us in understanding better the connection between AGN and their host galaxies and the role of nuclear activity in galaxy formation and evolution. By using the BAT-SWIFT hard X-ray public data and by extracting those parameters measured for AGN and by using other public catalogues for parameters such as stellar mass ($M_*$), star formation rate (SFR), bolometric luminosity…
The morphological diversity of galaxies is a relevant probe of galaxy evolution and cosmological structure formation, but the classification of galaxies in large sky surveys is becoming a significant challenge. We use data from the Stripe-82 area observed by the Southern Photometric Local Universe Survey (S-PLUS) in twelve optical bands, and present a catalogue of the morphologies of galaxies brighter than $r=17$ mag determined both using a novel multi-band morphometric fitting technique and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for computer vision. Using the CNNs we find that, compared to our …
We study the presence of optically-selected Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) within a sample of 867 galaxies extracted from the extended {\it Calar-Alto Legacy Integral Field spectroscopy Area} (eCALIFA) spanning all morphological classes. We identify 10 Type-I and 24 Type-II AGNs, amounting to $\sim4$ per cent of our sample, similar to the fraction reported by previous explorations in the same redshift range. We compare the integrated properties of the ionized and molecular gas, and stellar population of AGN hosts and their non-active counterparts, combining them with morphological information. …
As we observe a rapidly growing number of astrophysical transients, we learn more about the diverse host galaxy environments in which they occur. Host galaxy information can be used to purify samples of cosmological Type Ia supernovae, uncover the progenitor systems of individual classes, and facilitate low-latency follow-up of rare and peculiar explosions. In this work, we develop a novel data-driven methodology to simulate the time-domain sky that includes detailed modeling of the probability density function for multiple transient classes conditioned on host galaxy magnitudes, colours, star…
A complete catalogue of broad-line AGNs and double-peaked emission lines from MaNGA integral-field spectroscopy of 10K galaxies: stellar population of AGNs, supermassive black holes, and dual AGNs
We investigate active galactic nuclei (AGN) candidates within the FourStar Galaxy Evolution Survey (ZFOURGE) to determine the impact they have on star-formation in their host galaxies. We first identify a population of radio, X-ray, and infrared-selected AGN by cross-matching the deep $K_{s}$-band imaging of ZFOURGE with overlapping multi-wavelength data. From this, we construct a mass-complete (log(M$_{*}$/M$_{\odot}$) $\ge$ 9.75), AGN luminosity limited sample of 235 AGN hosts over z = 0.2 - 3.2. We compare the rest-frame U - V versus V - J (UVJ) colours and specific star-formation rates (sS…
Merger Driven or Internal Evolution? A New Morphological Study of Tidal Disruption Event Host Galaxies
The University of Hong Kong（香港大学）；The Hong Kong Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, The University of Hong Kong（香港大学天文及天体物理研究所）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research, University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学国际射电天文研究中心）；Tata Institute of Fundamental Research（塔塔基础研究所）；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute（香港中文大学（深圳）研究院）；University of Victoria（维多利亚大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；University of Hawaii（夏威夷大学）
Machine learning technique for morphological classification of galaxies from SDSS. IV. Visual inspection vs CNN for merging, irregular, edge-on, barred, ringed, and with dust lanes galaxies at 0.02<z<0.1
Main Astronomical Observatory of the NAS of Ukraine（乌克兰国家科学院主天文台）
We present the results from a study of the morphologies of moderate luminosity X-ray selected AGN host galaxies in comparison to a carefully mass-matched control sample at 0.5 < z < 3 in the CANDELS GOODS-S field. We apply a multi-wavelength morphological decomposition analysis to these two samples and report on the differences between the morphologies as fitted from single Sersic and multiple Sersic models, and models which include an additional nuclear point-source component. Thus, we are able to compare the widely adopted single Sersic fits from previous studies to the results from a full m…
Transformer-Based Source Detection and Morphological Classification in LOFAR Deep-Field Continuum Images
University of Oxford（牛津大学）；Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias（加那利天体物理研究所）；Universidad de La Laguna（拉古纳大学）；University of Malta（马耳他大学）；Anqing Normal University（安庆师范大学）；University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）
Kardashev Type III civilisations have by definition energy requirements that are likely to generate strong excess emission in the mid-infrared (MIR) that is associated with the waste heat they generate. For those civilisations that capture starlight via Dyson sphere like constructions, the Optical to MIR flux ratio of the host galaxies is also expected to be unusually low. Since a wide range of galaxy types adhere to the infrared-radio correlation (IRC), galaxies hosting Type III civilisations should also strongly deviate from this relation. Radio data can therefore play a crucial role in brea…
We present a catalogue of bulgeless galaxies, which includes 19225 objects selected in four of the deepest, largest multi-wavelength datasets available -- COSMOS, AEGIS, GEMS and GOODS -- at intermediate redshift ($0.4 \leq z \leq 1.0$). The morphological classification was provided by the Advanced Camera for Surveys General Catalogue (ACS-GC), which used publicly available data obtained with the ACS instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. Rest-frame photometric quantities were derived using kcorrect. We analyse the properties of the sample and the evolution of pure-disc systems with redshif…
This paper studies morphological properties of 103 green valley FIR active and 2609 non-active galaxies presented in Mahoro et al. 2017. The photometric data from the COSMOS survey were used, and the morphological parameters, such as Abraham and Conselice-Bershady concentration indices, Gini, M20 moment of light, and asymmetry, were analysed taking into account public catalogues. Furthermore, a visual classification of galaxies was performed. We found that the fraction of peculiar galaxies with clear signs of interactions and mergers is significantly higher in AGN (38%) than non-AGN (19%) gree…
A large fraction of active galactic nuclei (AGN) are "invisible" in extant optical surveys due to either distance or dust-obscuration. The existence of this large population of dust-obscured, infrared-bright AGN is predicted by models of galaxy - supermassive black hole coevolution and is required to explain the observed X-ray and infrared backgrounds. Recently, infrared colour-cuts with WISE have identified a portion of this missing population. However, as the host galaxy brightness relative to that of the AGN increases, it becomes increasingly difficult to differentiate between infrared emis…
Narrow-line Seyfert 1 galaxies (NLS1s) are a class of active galactic nuclei (AGN) which are known to be one of the few sources of $γ$ rays, which originate in a relativistic beamed jet. Becuase of their relatively large distance, a poorly investigated aspect of these jetted NLS1s is their environment, and in particular their host galaxy. In this work we present the results of a morphological analysis of the host galaxy of the jetted NLS1 IRAS 20181-2244 observed with the 6.5m Baade Telescope of the Las Campanas Observatory. The GALFIT analysis ran on the Ks image, along with additional spectr…
Morphology is a powerful indicator of a galaxy's dynamical and merger history. It is strongly correlated with many physical parameters, including mass, star formation history and the distribution of mass. The Galaxy Zoo project collected simple morphological classifications of nearly 900,000 galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, contributed by hundreds of thousands of volunteers. This large number of classifications allows us to exclude classifier error, and measure the influence of subtle biases inherent in morphological classification. This paper presents the data collected by th…
We present a study of 21 dark gamma-ray burst (GRB) host galaxies, predominantly using X-ray afterglows obtained with the Chandra X-Ray Observatory (CXO) to precisely locate the burst in deep Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging of the burst region. The host galaxies are well-detected in F160W in all but one case and in F606W imaging in approx 60 per cent of cases. We measure magnitudes and perform a morphological analysis of each galaxy. The asymmetry, concentration and ellipticity of the dark burst hosts are compared against the host galaxies of optically bright GRBs. In agreement with other…
We present new, wide-field, optical ($u'g'r'i'z'$) Dark Energy Camera observations covering $\sim21\,{\rm deg}^2$ centred on the nearby giant elliptical galaxy NGC5128 called "The Survey of Centaurus A's Baryonic Structures" (SCABS). The data reduction and analysis procedures are described including initial source detection, photometric and astrometric calibration, image stacking, and point-spread function modelling. We estimate 50 and 90 percent, field-dependent, point-source completeness limits of at least $u'=24.08$ and $23.62$ mag (AB), $g'=22.67$ and $22.27$ mag, $r'=22.46$ and $22.00$ ma…
Knowledge about the large-scale distribution of galaxies is far from complete in the Zone of Avoidance, which is mostly due to high interstellar extinction and to source confusion at lower Galactic latitudes. Past near-infrared (NIR) surveys, such as the Two Micron All Sky Survey (2MASS), have shown the power of probing large-scale structure at these latitudes. Our aim is to map the galaxy distribution across the Southern Galactic plane using the VISTA Variables in the Vía Láctea Survey (VVV), which reach 2 to 4 magnitudes deeper than 2MASS. We used SExtractor + PSFEx to identify extended obje…
A New PSF Deconvolution Algorithm: Simultaneous Spatial Resolution Enhancement and Point Source Removal for Morphological Analysis of AGN Host Galaxies
CANUCS/Technicolor Data Release 2: A Catalogue of Galaxy Structural Parameters in up to 29 HST+JWST bands and a Multi-Wavelength Exploration of the Galaxy Size-Mass Relation at $0.6 < z \leq 4$
York University（约克大学）；Wellesley College（韦尔斯利学院）；Independent University Bangladesh（孟加拉独立大学）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；DTU-Space, Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学空间科学中心）；National Research Council of Canada, Herzberg Astronomy & Astrophysics Research Centre（加拿大国家研究委员会赫茨伯格天体物理学与天文学研究中心）
HECATEv2: An all-sky galaxy catalogue for multimessenger astrophysics
University of Crete（克里特大学）；Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas（希腊研究与技术基金会）；Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)（空间科学研究所（ICE, CSIC））；Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)（加泰罗尼亚太空研究学院（IEEC））；Astronomical Institute, Academy of Sciences（科学院天文研究所）；NASA Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）
