同步化一群跳动纤毛的热力学代价
Thermodynamic cost of synchronizing a population of beating cilia
摘要：
纤毛阵列之间的同步是生物过程中的一种微尺度涌现现象。强的纤毛间耦合改变个体纤毛的自然搏动频率$ω$，以产生围绕组频率$ω_m$移动的集体运动。在这里，我们研究的热力学成本同步纤毛阵列映射到一个通用的相位振荡器模型的动态。该模型表明，在同步的平均散热率被分解成两个贡献，从每个纤毛自己的自然驱动力和耗散所产生的相互作用与其他纤毛，后者可以被解释为一个潜在的时间依赖性协议在我们的模型框架中产生的耗散。纤毛间强耦合引起的纤毛搏动动力学的自发相位同步总是伴随着纤毛种群耗散的显著减少，这表明生物体作为一个整体通过实现时间顺序消耗较少的能量。然而，在单个纤毛的水平上，具有$|ω|< ω_m$的纤毛群体在同步时消耗更多的能量。
英文摘要：
Synchronization among arrays of beating cilia is one of the emergent phenomena in biological processes at meso-scopic scales. Strong inter-ciliary couplings modify the natural beating frequencies, $ω$, of individual cilia to produce a collective motion that moves around a group frequency $ω_m$. Here we study the thermodynamic cost of synchronizing cilia arrays by mapping their dynamics onto a generic phase oscillator model. The model suggests that upon synchronization the mean heat dissipation rate is decomposed into two contributions, dissipation from each cilium's own natural driving force and dissipation arising from the interaction with other cilia, the latter of which can be interpreted as the one produced by a potential with a time-dependent protocol in the framework of our model. The spontaneous phase-synchronization of beating dynamics of cilia induced by strong inter-ciliary coupling is always accompanied with a significant reduction of dissipation for the cilia population, suggesting that organisms as a whole expend less energy by attaining a temporal order. At the level of individual cilia, however, a population of cilia with $|ω|< ω_m$ expend more amount of energy upon synchronization.
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