In the present paper we prove that the $3$-fold projective tensor product of $c_0$, $c_{0} \widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}\widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}$, is not isomorphic to a subspace of $c_{0} \widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}$. In particular, this settles the long-standing open problem of whether $c_{0} \widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}$ is isomorphic to $c_{0} \widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}\widehat{\otimes}_πc_{0}$. The origin of this problem goes back to Joe Diestel who mentioned it in a private communication to the authors of paper "Unexpected subspaces of tensor products" published in 2006.
We compute the Szlenk index of an arbitrary projective tensor product $C(K)\widehat{\otimes}_πC(L)$ of spaces $C(K), C(L)$ of continuous functions on scattered, compact, Hausdorff spaces. In particular, we show that it is simply equal to the maximum of the Szlenk indices of the spaces $C(K), C(L)$. We deduce several results regarding non-isomorphism of $C(K)\widehat{\otimes}_πC(L)$ and $C(M)$ or $C(M)\widehat{\otimes}_πC(N)$ for particular choices of $K,L,M,N$.
In this paper we prove that the $3$-fold injective tensor product $\ell_1 \widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon \ell_1 \widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon \ell_1 $ is not isomorphic to any subspace of $\ell_1 \widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon \ell_1$. This result provides a new solution to a problem of Diestel on the projective tensor products of $c_0.$ Moreover, this result implies that for any infinite countable compact space $K,$ the $3$-fold projective tensor product $C(K) \widehat{\otimes}_πC(K)\widehat{\otimes}_πC(K)$ is not isomorphic to any quotient of $C(K) \widehat{\otimes}_πC(K)$.
Let $m,n$ be positive integers with $m<n$. Under certain assumptions on the Banach space $X$, we prove that the $n$-fold projective tensor product of $X$, $\widehat{\otimes}^n_πX$, is not isomorphic to any subspace of any quotient of the $m$-fold projective tensor product, $\widehat{\otimes}_π^m X$. In particular, we prove that $\widehat{\otimes}^n_πc_0$ is not isomorphic to any subspace of any quotient of $\widehat{\otimes}_π^m c_0$.
We present the method of "vectorial regularization" to prove kernel identities. This method is applied to derive both known kernel identities, e.g. $\dot{\mathcal{B}}_{xy}=\dot{\mathcal{B}}_x\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon\dot{\mathcal{B}}_y$, $\mathcal{D}'_{L^1,xy}=\mathcal{D}'_{L^1,x}\widehat{\otimes}_π\mathcal{D}'_{L^1,y}$, as well as new ones: $\dot{\mathcal{B}}'_{xy}=\dot{\mathcal{B}}'_x\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon\dot{\mathcal{B}}'_y$ and $\mathcal{D}_{L^1,xy}=\mathcal{D}_{L^1,x}\widehat{\otimes}_π\mathcal{D}_{L^1,y}$.
In this paper, we are interested in studying when an element $z$ in the projective tensor product $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$ turns out to be a Daugavet point. We prove first that, under some hypothesis, the assumption of $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$ having the Daugavet property implies the existence of a great amount of isometries from $Y$ into $X^*$. Having this in mind, we provide methods for constructing non-trivial Daugavet points in $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$. We show that $C(K)$-spaces are examples of Banach spaces such that the set of the Daugavet points in $C(K) \widehat{\otimes}_πY$ is weakly…
We prove that, given two Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ and bounded, closed convex sets $C\subseteq X$ and $D\subseteq Y$, if a nonzero element $z\in \overline{\mathrm{co}}(C\otimes D)\subseteq X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ is a preserved extreme point then $z=x_0\otimes y_0$ for some preserved extreme points $x_0\in C$ and $y_0\in D$, whenever $K(X,Y^*)$ separates points of $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$ (in particular, whenever $X$ or $Y$ has the compact approximation property). Moreover, we prove that if $x_0\in C$ and $y_0\in D$ are weak-strongly exposed points then $x_0\otimes y_0$ is weak-strongly exposed…
In this paper, we introduce a concept of norm-attainment in the projective symmetric tensor product $\widehat{\otimes}_{π,s,N} X$ of a Banach space $X$, which turns out to be naturally related to the classical norm-attainment of $N$-homogeneous polynomials on $X$. Due to this relation, we can prove that there exist symmetric tensors that do not attain their norms, which allows us to study the problem of when the set of norm-attaining elements in $\widehat{\otimes}_{π,s,N} X$ is dense. We show that the set of all norm-attaining symmetric tensors is dense in $\widehat{\otimes}_{π,s,N} X$ for a l…
Given two Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, we analyze when the projective tensor product $X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ has Corson's property (C) or is weakly Lindelöf determined (WLD), subspace of a weakly compactly generated (WCG) space or subspace of a Hilbert generated space. For instance, we show that: (i) $X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ is WLD if and only if both $X$ and $Y$ are WLD and all operators from $X$ to $Y^*$ and from $Y$ to $X^*$ have separable range; (ii) $X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ is subspace of a WCG space if the same holds for both $X$ and $Y$ under the assumption that every operator from $X$ to $…
Given two Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$, we introduce and study a concept of norm-attainment in the space of nuclear operators $\mathcal{N}(X,Y)$ and in the projective tensor product space $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$. We exhibit positive and negative examples where both previous norm-attainment hold. We also study the problem of whether the class of elements which attain their norms in $\mathcal{N}(X,Y)$ and in $X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ is dense or not. We prove that, for both concepts, the density of norm-attaining elements holds for a large class of Banach spaces $X$ and $Y$ which, in particular, cov…
We study the Daugavet property in tensor products of Banach spaces. We show that $L_1(μ)\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon L_1(ν)$ has the Daugavet property when $μ$ and $ν$ are purely non-atomic measures. Also, we show that $X\widehat{\otimes}_πY$ has the Daugavet property provided $X$ and $Y$ are $L_1$-preduals with the Daugavet property, in particular spaces of continuous functions with this property. With the same tecniques, we also obtain consequences about roughness in projective tensor products as well as the Daugavet property of projective symmetric tensor products.
We continue the investigation of the behaviour of octahedral norms in tensor products of Banach spaces. Firstly, we will prove the existence of a Banach space $Y$ such that the injective tensor products $l_1\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon Y$ and $L_1\widehat{\otimes}_\varepsilon Y$ both fail to have an octahedral norm, which solves two open problems from the literature. Secondly, we will show that in the presence of the metric approximation property octahedrality is preserved from a non-reflexive $L$-embedded Banach space taking projective tensor products with an arbitrary Banach space.
Galego and Samuel showed that if $K,L$ are metrizable, compact, Hausdorff spaces, then $C(K)\widehat{\otimes}_πC(L)$ is $c_0$-saturated if and only if it is subprojective if and only if $K$ and $L$ are both scattered. We remove the hypothesis of metrizability from their result, and extend it from the case of the two-fold projective tensor product to the general $n$-fold projective tensor product to show that for any $n\in\mathbb{N}$ and compact, Hausdorff spaces $K_1, \ldots, K_n$, $\widehat{\otimes}_{π, i=1}^n C(K_i)$ is $c_0$-saturated if and only if it is subprojective if and only if each $…
Given operator spaces $V$ and $W$, let $\widetilde{W}$ denote the opposite operator space structure on the same underlying Banach space. Although the identity map $W\to \widetilde{W}$ is in general not completely bounded, we show that the identity map on $V\otimes W$ extends to a contractive linear map $V\widehat{\otimes} W \to V\otimes_{\min} \widetilde{W}$, where $\widehat{\otimes}$ and $\otimes_{\rm min}$ denote the projective and injective tensor products of operator spaces. In future work, this will be applied to construct antisymmetric $2$-cocycles on certain Fourier algebras.
In analogy with the maximal tensor product of $C^*$-algebras, we define the ``maximal" tensor product $E_1\otimes_μE_2$ of two operator spaces $E_1$ and $E_2$ and we show that it can be identified completely isometrically with the sum of the two Haagerup tensor products: \ $E_1\otimes_h E_2 + E_2\otimes_h E_1$. Let $E$ be an $n$-dimensional operator space. As an application, we show that the equality $E^* \otimes_μE=E^* \otimes_{\rm min} E$ holds isometrically iff $E = R_n$ or $E=C_n$ (the row or column $n$-dimensional Hilbert spaces). Moreover, we show that if an operator space $E$ is such th…
Given the polynomial ideal $\mathcal{J}\circ\mathcal{P} (^{n}E; F)$, we prove that if $\mathcal{J}\circ\mathcal{P} (^{n}E; F)$ contains an isomorphic copy of $c_{0}$, then $\mathcal{J}\circ\mathcal{P} (^{n}E; F)$ is not complemented in $\mathcal{P} (^{n}E; F)$ for every closed operator ideal $\mathcal{J}\subset \mathcal{L}_{K}$ and every $n\in\mathbb{N}$. Likewise we show that if $\widehat{(\mathcal{J}\circ\mathcal{L})^{fac}}(^{n}E;F)$ contains an isomorphic copy of $c_{0}$, then $\widehat{(\mathcal{J}\circ\mathcal{L})^{fac}}(^{n}E;F)$ is not complemented in $\mathcal{P}(^{n}E; F)$ for every c…
Two methods of constructing infinitely many isomorphically distinct $\Cal L_p$-spaces have been published. In this article we show that these constructions yield very different spaces and in the process develop methods for dealing with these spaces from the isomorphic viewpoint. We use these methods to give a complete isomorphic classification of the spaces $R_p^α$ constructed by Bourgain, Rosenthal, and Schechtman and to show that $X_p\otimes X_p$ is not isomorphic to a complemented subspace of any $R_p^α.$
Integral representations of projective norm-attaining tensors
Instituto Universitario de Matemática Pura y Aplicada, Universitat Politècnica de València（瓦伦西亚理工大学纯数学与应用数学研究所）；Czech Technical University in Prague（布拉格捷克技术大学）；Universidad de Zaragoza（萨拉戈萨大学）；Hanyang University（汉阳大学）；Universidad de Valencia（瓦伦西亚大学）
We study the property of being strongly weakly compactly generated (and some relatives) in projective tensor products of Banach spaces. Our main result is as follows. Let $1<p,q<\infty$ be such that $1/p+1/q\geq 1$. Let $X$ (resp., $Y$) be a Banach space with a countable unconditional finite-dimensional Schauder decomposition having a disjoint lower $p$-estimate (resp., $q$-estimate). If $X$ and $Y$ are strongly weakly compactly generated, then so is its projective tensor product $X \widehat{\otimes}_πY$.
By using the Principle of Local Reflexivity (PLR), we prove that for every two Banach spaces $E$ and $X$ there exists a suitable ultrafilter $\mathcal{U}$ such that $ \mathcal{F}(E,X)^*,$ the dual space of the finite rank operators, can be isomorphically identified with certain quotient of the ultrapower space $(E\widehat{\otimes} X^*)_\mathcal{U}$, of the projective tensor product space $E\widehat{\otimes} X^*.$ This generalizes the identity $\mathcal B(E,X^{**})\cong\mathcal B(E,X)^{**}$, where $E$ is finite-dimensional. We then serve our main result to improve some results on the reflexivit…
In this note we include two remarks about bounded ($\underline{not}$ necessarily contractive) linear projections on a von Neumann-algebra. We show that if $M$ is a von Neumann-subalgebra of $B(H)$ which is complemented in B(H) and isomorphic to $M \otimes M$ then $M$ is injective (or equivalently $M$ is contractively complemented). We do not know how to get rid of the second assumption on $M$. In the second part,we show that any complemented reflexive subspace of a $C^*$- algebra is necessarily linearly isomorphic to a Hilbert space.
