太阳高能粒子的枢能对火星表面辐射环境的影响
The pivot energy of Solar Energetic Particles Affecting the Martian surface radiation environment
摘要：
空间辐射是人类面临的一个主要风险，特别是在太空的长期飞行任务中，载人火星任务银河宇宙射线（GCR）提供了一个可预测的辐射背景，主要的风险是由于高度可变的和目前不可预测的太阳高能粒子（SEP）的流量。这种零星的SEP事件可能会引起急性健康影响，因此被认为是未来人类火星探索的关键任务风险。因此，研究、模拟和预测这类事件发生时的地面辐射环境是非常重要的。深空SEP微分能谱在高能时通常服从幂律分布。我们使用测量验证的粒子输运代码表明，对于大SEP事件与质子能量超过500兆电子伏的幂律分布，它是足够的测量SEP通量在枢轴能量为300兆电子伏以上的火星大气预测的剂量率在火星表面。结合从火星表面进行的现场测量验证，这种显着的简化和优雅的量化可以在大型SEP事件发生时对火星表面的辐射环境进行即时预测。
英文摘要：
Space radiation is a major risk for humans, especially on long-duration missions to outer space, e.g., a manned mission to Mars. Galactic cosmic rays (GCR) contribute a predictable radiation background, the main risk is due to the highly variable and currently unpredictable flux of solar energetic particles (SEPs). Such sporadic SEP events may induce acute health effects and are thus considered a critical mission risk for future human exploration of Mars. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to study, model, and predict the surface radiation environment during such events. It is well known that the deep-space SEP differential energy spectrum at high energies is often given by a power law. We use a measurement-validated particle transport code to show that, for large SEP events with proton energy extending above ~ 500 MeV with a power-law distribution, it is sufficient to measure the SEP flux at a pivot energy of ~ 300 MeV above the Martian atmosphere to predict the dose rate on the Martian surface. In conjunction with a validation by in-situ measurements from the Martian surface, this remarkable simplification and elegant quantification could enable instant predictions of the radiation environment on the surface of Mars upon the onset of large SEP events.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
