$^{44}$ V的同质异能态和基态的高精度质量测量：改进对A=44，$\text{0}^{\text{+}}$五重态的IMME参数的约束
High precision mass measurements of the isomeric and ground states of $^{44}$V: improving constraints on the IMME parameters of the A=44, $\text{0}^{\text{+}}$ quintet
摘要：
等压多重态质量方程（英语：Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation，简称IMME）已经成功地预测了在同一多重态中的等压类似态的质量，而它的系数被认为是质量数的函数。原子质量评估2016 [Chin. Phys. C 41，030003（2017）] $^{44}$ V质量值导致IMME二次项的负$c$系数。$b$和$c$系数可以为$pf$壳的同位旋非守恒（INC）哈密顿量的构造提供约束。$^{44}$ V中$0^+, T=2$能级的激发能目前未知，可用于约束$^{44}$ Cr质量。实验的目的是进行高精度质量测量以解析$^{44}$ V异构态和基态之间的差异，测试IMME，并提供用于鉴定$^{44}$ V中的$0^+$、$T=2$状态的成分。在LEBIT进行高精度潘宁阱质谱，以测量[ $^{44g,m}$ VO] $^+$与[ $^{32}$ SCO] $^+$的回旋频率比，测量$^{44}$ V中基态和同分异构态的质量过量为$-23\ 804.9(80)$ keV/ $\text{c}^2$和$-23\ 537.0(55)$ keV/ $\text{c}^2$。由此得到新的质子分离能$S_p$ = 1773（10）keV。利用$^{44}$ V的新质量值推导出$A=44$中最低$2^+$和$6^+$三重态的IMME $b$和$c$系数。$2^+$ $c$系数与IMME趋势进行了验证，并与使用电荷相关哈密顿量的壳模型预测一致。在$^{44}$ V和$^{44}$ Sc之间确定镜像能量差，符合同位旋对称性。所确定的质子分离能的新值对于确定$^{44}$ V中的$0^+$、$T=2$状态以及预测$^{44}$ Cr的质量非常重要。
英文摘要：
The Isobaric Multiplet Mass Equation (IMME) has been successful at predicting the masses of isobaric analogue states in the same multiplet, while its coefficients are known to follow trends as functions of mass number. The Atomic Mass Evaluation 2016 [Chin. Phys. C 41, 030003 (2017)] $^{44}$V mass value results in an negative $c$ coefficient for the IMME quadratic term. The $b$ and $c$ coefficients can provide constraints for construction of the isospin-nonconserving (INC) Hamiltonians for the $pf$ shell. The excitation energy of the $0^+, T=2$ level in $^{44}$V is currently unknown and can be used to constrain the $^{44}$Cr mass. The aim of the experiment was to perform high-precision mass measurements to resolve the difference between $^{44}$V isomeric and ground states, to test the IMME, and to provide ingredients for identifying the $0^+$, $T=2$ state in $^{44}$V. High-precision Penning trap mass spectrometry was performed at LEBIT, to measure the cyclotron frequency ratios of [$^{44g,m}$VO]$^+$ versus [$^{32}$SCO]$^+$, a reference mass, to extract both the isomeric and ground state masses of $^{44}$V. The mass excess of the ground and isomeric states in $^{44}$V were measured to be $-23\ 804.9(80)$ keV/$\text{c}^2$ and $-23\ 537.0(55)$ keV/$\text{c}^2$. This yielded a new proton separation energy of $S_p$ = 1\ 773(10) keV. The new mass values of $^{44}$V have been used to deduce the IMME $b$ and $c$ coefficients of the lowest $2^+$ and $6^+$ triplets in $A=44$. The $2^+$ $c$ coefficient is verified with the IMME trend and agrees with the shell-model predictions using charge-dependent Hamiltonians. The mirror energy differences were determined between $^{44}$V and $^{44}$Sc, in line with isospin-symmetry. The new value of the proton separation energy determined will be important for the determination of the $0^+$, $T=2$ state in $^{44}$V and for prediction of the mass of $^{44}$Cr.
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