Splitting a literal genomic sequence into 4 binary files is enough to ensure confidentiality and integrity during storage and transfer of information. The binary files are resources for RSA or one-time-pad (OTP) cryptography protocols. It is speculated that representing nucleic bases as Bell states in a quantum view of a sequence would provide tools for genomic data protection when implemented in an authentic quantum computer, soon to come as a practical and readily available device.
Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；The Hong Kong Polytechnic University（香港理工大学）
In the post-genomic era, large-scale personal DNA sequences are produced and collected for genetic medical diagnoses and new drug discovery, which, however, simultaneously poses serious challenges to the protection of personal genomic privacy. Existing genomic privacy-protection methods are either time-consuming or with low accuracy. To tackle these problems, this paper proposes a sequence similarity-based obfuscation method, namely IterMegaBLAST, for fast and reliable protection of personal genomic privacy. Specifically, given a randomly selected sequence from a dataset of DNA sequences, we f…
Quantum mechanical effects have enabled the construction of cryptographic primitives that are impossible classically. For example, quantum copy-protection allows for a program to be encoded in a quantum state in such a way that the program can be evaluated, but not copied. Many of these cryptographic primitives are two-party protocols, where one party, Bob, has full quantum computational capabilities, and the other party, Alice, is only required to send random BB84 states to Bob. In this work, we show how such protocols can generically be converted to ones where Alice is fully classical, assum…
Cryptography without Long-Term Quantum Memory and Global Entanglement: Classical Setups for One-Time Programs, Copy Protection, and Stateful Obfuscation
Uncloneable decryptors are encryption schemes (with classical plaintexts and ciphertexts) with the added functionality of deriving uncloneable quantum states, called decryptors, which could be used to decrypt ciphers without knowledge of the secret key (Georgiou and Zhandry, IACR'20). We study uncloneable decryptors in the computational setting and provide increasingly strong security notions which extend the various indistinguishable security notions of symmetric encryption. We show that CPA secure uncloneable bit decryptors could be instantiated from a copy protection scheme (Aaronson, CCC'0…
Helsinki Institute for Information Technology HIIT（赫尔辛基信息技术研究所（HIIT））；Aalto University（阿尔托大学）；University of Helsinki（赫尔辛基大学）
Motivation: Human genomic datasets often contain sensitive information that limits use and sharing of the data. In particular, simple anonymisation strategies fail to provide sufficient level of protection for genomic data, because the data are inherently identifiable. Differentially private machine learning can help by guaranteeing that the published results do not leak too much information about any individual data point. Recent research has reached promising results on differentially private drug sensitivity prediction using gene expression data. Differentially private learning with genomic…
Quantum copy protection uses the unclonability of quantum states to construct quantum software that provably cannot be pirated. Copy protection would be immensely useful, but unfortunately little is known about how to achieve it in general. In this work, we make progress on this goal, by giving the following results: - We show how to copy protect any program that cannot be learned from its input/output behavior, relative to a classical oracle. This improves on Aaronson [CCC'09], which achieves the same relative to a quantum oracle. By instantiating the oracle with post-quantum candidate obfusc…
Quantum information is a valuable resource which can be encrypted in order to protect it. We consider the size of the one-time pad that is needed to protect quantum information in a number of cases. The situation is dramatically different from the classical case: we prove that one can recycle the one-time pad without compromising security. The protocol for recycling relies on detecting whether eavesdropping has occurred, and further relies on the fact that information contained in the encrypted quantum state cannot be fully accessed. We prove the security of recycling rates when authentication…
Formulating cryptographic definitions to protect against software piracy is an important research direction that has not received much attention. Since natural definitions using classical cryptography are impossible to achieve (as classical programs can always be copied), this directs us towards using techniques from quantum computing. The seminal work of Aaronson [CCC'09] introduced the notion of quantum copy-protection precisely to address the problem of software anti-piracy. However, despite being one of the most important problems in quantum cryptography, there are no provably secure solut…
Case Study-Based Approach of Quantum Machine Learning in Cybersecurity: Quantum Support Vector Machine for Malware Classification and Protection
Kennesaw State University（肯尼索州立大学）；Marquette University（马凯特大学）；Clark Atlanta University（克拉克亚特兰大大学）；Clayton State University（克莱顿州立大学）；Georgia Southern University（佐治亚南方大学）；Florida International University（佛罗里达国际大学）；Auburn University（奥本大学）；Tuskegee University（塔斯基吉大学）
The no-cloning theorem asserts that, unlike classical information, quantum information cannot be copied. This seemingly undesirable phenomenon is harnessed in quantum cryptography. Uncloneable cryptography studies settings in which the impossibility of copying is a desired property, and achieves forms of security that are classically unattainable. The first example discovered and analyzed was in the context of cash. On the one hand, we want users to hold the cash; on the other hand, the cash should be hard to counterfeit. Quantum money uses variants of the no-cloning theorem to make counterfei…
We review new frontiers in information security technologies in communications and distributed storage technologies with the use of classical, quantum, hybrid classical-quantum, and post-quantum cryptography. We analyze the current state-of-the-art, critical characteristics, development trends, and limitations of these techniques for application in enterprise information protection systems. An approach concerning the selection of practical encryption technologies for enterprises with branched communication networks is introduced.
