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arXiv 2003.05841cs.PL
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一种用于电路构建量子程序的演绎验证框架

A Deductive Verification Framework for Circuit-building Quantum Programs

Christophe Chareton, Sébastien Bardin, François Bobot, Valentin Perrelle, Benoit Valiron

摘要:

虽然量子硬件的最新进展为某些关键领域的显着加速打开了大门,但量子算法仍然很难正确实现,并且验证此类量子程序是一项挑战。早期的尝试要么是缺乏自动化或参数化推理,要么是针对高级抽象算法描述语言,而这些语言与目前电路构建量子程序设计语言的事实共识相去甚远。因此,目前还没有以尺度不变的方式验证重要的量子算法实现。我们提出了Qbricks,第一个形式化验证环境的电路构建量子程序,具有明确的分离之间的代码和证明,参数规格和证明,高程度的证明自动化,并允许编码量子程序在一个自然的方式,即接近教科书的风格。Qbricks基于经典情况下形式化验证的最佳实践,并将其定制为量子情况:我们为量子程序带来了一种新的特定于域的电路构建语言,即Qbricks-DSL,以及一种新的逻辑规约语言Qbricks-Spec和一种专用的霍尔风格演绎验证规则,称为混合量子霍尔逻辑。特别是,我们介绍和密集建立在HOPS,最近的路径和符号表示,用于规范和自动化的高阶扩展。为了说明Qbricks的机会,我们实现了几个著名的和非平凡的量子算法的第一个验证参数实现,包括Shor整数分解的量子部分(Order Finding - Shor-OF),量子相位估计(QPE)-许多量子算法的基本构建块,以及Grover搜索。Qbricks中引入的规范和自动化演绎原则充分促进了这些突破。

英文摘要:

While recent progress in quantum hardware open the door for significant speedup in certain key areas, quantum algorithms are still hard to implement right, and the validation of such quantum programs is a challenge. Early attempts either suffer from the lack of automation or parametrized reasoning, or target high-level abstract algorithm description languages far from the current de facto consensus of circuit-building quantum programming languages. As a consequence, no significant quantum algorithm implementation has been currently verified in a scale-invariant manner. We propose Qbricks, the first formal verification environment for circuit-building quantum programs, featuring clear separation between code and proof, parametric specifications and proofs, high degree of proof automation and allowing to encode quantum programs in a natural way, i.e. close to textbook style. Qbricks builds on best practice of formal verification for the classical case and tailor them to the quantum case: we bring a new domain-specific circuit-building language for quantum programs, namely Qbricks-DSL, together with a new logical specification language Qbricks-Spec and a dedicated Hoare-style deductive verification rule named Hybrid Quantum Hoare Logic. Especially, we introduce and intensively build upon HOPS, a higher-order extension of the recent path-sum symbolic representation, used for both specification and automation. To illustrate the opportunity of Qbricks, we implement the first verified parametric implementations of several famous and non-trivial quantum algorithms, including the quantum part of Shor integer factoring (Order Finding - Shor-OF), quantum phase estimation (QPE) - a basic building block of many quantum algorithms, and Grover search. These breakthroughs were amply facilitated by the specification and automated deduction principles introduced within Qbricks.

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