arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2003.04730cs.LO
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不完全信息下的战略逻辑

Strategy Logic with Imperfect Information

Raphaël Berthon, Bastien Maubert, Aniello Murano, Sasha Rubin, Moshe Vardi

摘要:

我们介绍了一个扩展的策略逻辑的信息设置,称为SLii,并研究其模型检测问题。由于这种逻辑自然地捕捉多人游戏的不完美的信息,这个问题是不可判定的,但我们引入了一个语法类的“层次实例”,直观地说,作为一个去语法树的公式,战略量化关注的是更精细的观察模型,我们证明,模型检查SLii限制到层次实例是可判定的。为了建立这个结果,我们通过QCTL,一个中介,“低级”逻辑更适合自动机技术。QCTL是CTL在原子命题上的二阶量化推广。我们将其扩展到不完美的信息设置参数化的二阶量词的意见。虽然QCTLii的模型检查问题是,在一般情况下,不可判定的,我们确定的语法片段的分层公式和证明,使用自动机理论的方法,它是可判定的。我们应用我们的结果来解决复杂的战略问题,在信息不对称的设置。我们首先表明,存在的确定性策略的纳什均衡是可判定的层次信息的游戏。我们还介绍了分布式的合理的合成,一个概括的合理的合成的信息设置。因为它可以很容易地表达在我们的逻辑,我们的主要结果提供了解决这个问题的情况下,层次信息。

英文摘要:

We introduce an extension of Strategy Logic for the imperfect-information setting, called SLii, and study its model-checking problem. As this logic naturally captures multi-player games with imperfect information, this problem is undecidable; but we introduce a syntactical class of "hierarchical instances" for which, intuitively, as one goes down the syntactic tree of the formula, strategy quantifications are concerned with finer observations of the model, and we prove that model-checking SLii restricted to hierarchical instances is decidable. To establish this result we go through QCTL, an intermediary, "low-level" logic much more adapted to automata techniques. QCTL is an extension of CTL with second-order quantification over atomic propositions. We extend it to the imperfect information setting by parameterising second-order quantifiers with observations. While the model-checking problem of QCTLii is, in general, undecidable, we identify a syntactic fragment of hierarchical formulas and prove, using an automata-theoretic approach, that it is decidable. We apply our result to solve complex strategic problems in the imperfect-information setting. We first show that the existence of Nash equilibria for deterministic strategies is decidable in games with hierarchical information. We also introduce distributed rational synthesis, a generalisation of rational synthesis to the imperfect-information setting. Because it can easily be expressed in our logic, our main result provides solution to this problem in the case of hierarchical information.

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