轨迹算法I：一种识别差分photometry优化点的技术
The Locus Algorithm I: A technique for identifying optimised pointings for differential photometry
摘要：
对地面望远镜观测的天文源的光度变化的研究必须克服大气消光效应。通过参照在星等和颜色上与目标非常匹配的一组参考星进行差分测光，可以减轻这些影响。本文介绍了一种新的算法，轨迹算法的设计，实施和操作，使优化的差分测光。该算法的目的是确定，对于一个给定的目标和观测参数，视场（FoV），其中包括目标和最大数量的参考星类似的目标。从一个目录（例如SDSS）的对象的集合被过滤，以确定候选参考星，并确定每个量化其与目标的相似性的评级。该算法通过定义每个候选参考星周围的点的轨迹来工作，FoV可以以其为中心并包括FoV边缘处的参考。识别这些基因座之间的交叉点（PoI），并计算每个PoI的分数。具有最高分数的PoI被输出为最佳指向。文中给出了算法的具体步骤。详细介绍了轨迹算法在Sloan数字巡天的一个样本目标SDSS 1237680117417115655上的应用。该算法已被定义在这里，并在软件中实现，这是在线。该算法还被用于生成点目录，以优化类星体变异性研究，并通过过境方法在搜索系外行星时生成优化点目录。
英文摘要：
Studies of the photometric variability of astronomical sources from ground-based telescopes must overcome atmospheric extinction effects. Differential photometry by reference to an ensemble of reference stars which closely match the target in terms of magnitude and colour can mitigate these effects. This Paper describes the design, implementation and operation of a new algorithm, The Locus Algorithm; which enables optimised differential photometry. The Algorithm is intended to identify, for a given target and observational parameters, the Field of View (FoV) which includes the target and the maximum number of reference stars similar to the target. A collection of objects from a catalogue (e.g. SDSS) is filtered to identify candidate reference stars and determine a rating for each which quantifies its similarity to the target. The algorithm works by defining a locus of points around each candidate reference star, upon which the FoV can be centred and include the reference at the edge of the FoV. The Points of Intersection (PoI) between these loci are identified and a score for each PoI is calculated. The PoI with the highest score is output as the optimum pointing. The steps of the algorithm are precisely defined in this paper. The application of The Locus Algorithm to a sample target, SDSS1237680117417115655, from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey is described in detail. The algorithm has been defined here and implemented in software which is available online. The algorithm has also been used to generate catalogues of pointings to optimise Quasar variability studies and to generate catalogues of optimised pointings in the search for Exoplanets via the transit method.
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