转移性黑色素瘤的研究现状与展望
Metastatic melanoma-A review of current and future perspective
摘要：
转移性黑色素瘤是西方国家第五常见的癌症，也是美国诊断的最常见的恶性肿瘤，是全球最致命的耐药性癌症。除了活性氧（ROS），已知编码受体和非受体酪氨酸/丝氨酸/苏氨酸蛋白激酶的基因突变参与其病因学。激酶是细胞存活、生长、增殖和迁移的分子参与者，通过各种信号转导途径介导其作用。先前已经发现许多这样的分子参与者在黑色素瘤中突变和过度磷酸化。虽然，一些全身治疗，包括细胞毒性化疗，靶向药物，激素治疗，放射治疗，生物化疗，抑制免疫系统的负调节的治疗已被批准从美国。S.美国食品和药物管理局（FDA）的转移性黑色素瘤治疗。然而，到目前为止，没有系统性治疗有意义地改变其生存终点，并且手术仍然是晚期和转移性黑色素瘤的主要治疗选择，因为其对系统性药物的高度耐药性，严重、危及生命或致命的副作用的发生率高，并且总体缓解率不令人满意。因此，仍然需要开发靶向黑色素瘤肿瘤的独特分子谱的疗法。
英文摘要：
Metastatic Melanoma, the fifth most common cancer in the western countries and the most common malignancy diagnosed in United States present itself as the most lethal treatment resistant cancer worldwide. In addition to the reactive oxygen species(ROS), mutations in the genes encoding receptors and non-receptor tyrosine/serene/threonine protein kinases are known to be involved in its etiology. Kinases are molecular players of cell survival, growth, and proliferation and migration that mediate their effects via various signal transduction pathways. A number of such molecular players have been previously found to be mutated and hyper phosphorylated in melanoma. Although, several systemic therapies including cytotoxic chemotherapy, targeted drugs, hormonal therapy, radiation therapy, bio-chemotherapy, and therapies that inhibit negative regulation of immune system have been approved from U. S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for metastatic melanoma treatment. However, no systemic therapy has meaningfully changed its survival end points so far and surgery still presents primary treatment option for advanced and metastatic melanomaa due to its highly resistant nature towards systemic drugs, high rate of severe, life-threatening, or fatal side effects, and un satisfactory overall response rate. Therefore, there is still a need to develop therapies that target the unique molecular profile of melanoma tumors.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
