超导纳米桥开关测量中过热电子和声子引起的随机热反馈
Stochastic thermal feedback in switching measurements of superconducting nanobridge caused by overheated electrons and phonons
摘要：
我们研究了训练电流脉冲探测下超导纳米桥的相关开关。对于低重复频率的脉冲，每个脉冲以$P$的概率通过超导桥到正常状态，与前一个脉冲的结果无关。我们发现，随着脉冲之间的时间间隔的减少，脉冲之间的长程相关性发生：随机切换在一个单一的脉冲上升温度的桥梁，并影响结果的探测下一个脉冲。其结果是，一个人工复杂的随机过程与可调强度的相关性。我们确定制度，表观开关概率表现出的热滞后与不连续性在一个临界电流幅度的探测脉冲。这个工程随机过程可以被看作是一个人工的相变，并提供了一个有趣的框架，研究相关系统。这个过程类似于电流偏置纳米线中常见的从超导到正常状态的转变，通过相位滑动雪崩进行。由于其对控制参数（即电流、温度或磁场）的极端敏感性，它为超灵敏检测提供了机会。
英文摘要：
We study correlated switchings of superconducting nanobridge probed with train of current pulses. For pulses with low repetition rate each pulse transits the superconducting bridge to normal state with probability $P$ independent of the outcomes in the preceding pulses. We show that with reduction of the time interval between pulses long range correlation between pulses occurs: stochastic switching in a single pulse rises temperature of the bridge and affects outcome of the probing for next pulses. As a result, an artificial intricate stochastic process with adjustable strength of correlation is produced. We identify regime where apparent switching probability exhibits the thermal hysteresis with discontinuity at a critical current amplitude of the probing pulse. This engineered stochastic process can be viewed as an artificial phase transition and provides an interesting framework for studying correlated systems. The process resembles the familiar transition from superconducting to normal state in the current-bias nanowire, proceeding through phase slip avalanche. Due to its extreme sensitivity on the control parameter, i.e. electric current, temperature or magnetic field, it offers opportunity for ultra-sensitive detection.
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