复杂生态系统中的扩散诱导不稳定性
Dispersal-induced instability in complex ecosystems
AI总结：
本研究结合 Turing 的斑图形成理论与 May 的随机矩阵方法，揭示了空间扩散会破坏具有营养结构的复杂生态系统的稳定平衡，表明增加模型细节无法消除复杂性的上限。
摘要：
Robert May 在20世纪70年代的奠基性工作中提出，生态系统能够在稳定平衡状态下维持的物种数量存在上限。这一推论与直觉以及许多自然生态系统中观察到的复杂性相矛盾。随之引发了所谓的稳定性-多样性之争，且关于影响生态系统稳定或不稳定因素的讨论一直持续至今。我们在本研究中表明，扩散可以成为一种不稳定化因素。为此，我们将 Alan Turing 关于斑图形成的工作与 May 的随机矩阵方法相结合。我们展示了具有营养结构的复杂生态系统中的稳定平衡如何在引入空间扩散后变得不稳定，并讨论了促成这一效应的因素。我们的工作强调，在 May 的模型中加入更多细节会使生态系统出现更多不稳定的方式。因此，使 May 的简单模型更加现实，不太可能完全消除复杂性的上限。
英文摘要：
In his seminal work in the 1970s, Robert May suggested that there is an upper limit to the number of species that can be sustained in stable equilibrium by an ecosystem. This deduction was at odds with both intuition and the observed complexity of many natural ecosystems. The so-called stability-diversity debate ensued, and the discussion about the factors contributing to ecosystem stability or instability continues to this day. We show in this work that dispersal can be a destabilising influence. To do this, we combine ideas from Alan Turing's work on pattern formation with May's random-matrix approach. We demonstrate how a stable equilibrium in a complex ecosystem with trophic structure can become unstable with the introduction of dispersal in space, and we discuss the factors which contribute to this effect. Our work highlights that adding more details to the model of May can give rise to more ways for an ecosystem to become unstable. Making May's simple model more realistic is therefore unlikely to entirely remove the upper bound on complexity.
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