具有一般电荷分布的 Dirac–Coulomb 算子。I. 特异延拓与极小极大公式

Friedrichs Extension and Min-Max Principle for Operators with a Gap

Semibounded symmetric operators have a distinguished self-adjoint extension, the Friedrichs extension. The eigenvalues of the Friedrichs extension are given by a variational principle that involves only the domain of the symmetric operator. Although Dirac operators describing relativistic particles are not semibounded, the Dirac operator with Coulomb potential is known to have a distinguished extension. Similarly, for Dirac-type operators on manifolds with a boundary a distinguished self-adjoint extension is characterised by the Atiyah--Patodi--Singer boundary condition. In this paper we relat…

带隙算子的特异自伴延拓与特征值：在Dirac-Coulomb算子中的应用

Distinguished self-adjoint extension and eigenvalues of operators with gaps. Application to Dirac-Coulomb operators

针对兼具块分解与变分间隙性质的无界线性对称算子，提出仅需极弱假设的几何策略，定义带谱间隙的特异自伴延拓并通过极小极大原理刻画间隙内特征值，结果可应用于含变号势或多原子核的类Dirac-Coulomb哈密顿量。

Domains for Dirac-Coulomb min-max levels

We consider a Dirac operator in three space dimensions, with an electrostatic (i.e. real-valued) potential $V(x)$, having a strong Coulomb-type singularity at the origin. This operator is not always essentially self-adjoint but admits a distinguished self-adjoint extension $D\_V$. In a first part we obtain new results on the domain of this extension, complementing previous works of Esteban and Loss. Then we prove the validity of min-max formulas for the eigenvalues in the spectral gap of $D\_V$, in a range of simple function spaces independent of $V$. Our results include the critical case $\li…

Minimax principles, Hardy-Dirac inequalities and operator cores for two and three dimensional Coulomb-Dirac operators

For $n\in\{2,3\}$ we prove minimax characterisations of eigenvalues in the gap of the $n$ dimensional Dirac operator with an potential, which may have a Coulomb singularity with a coupling constant up to the critical value $1/(4-n)$. This result implies a so-called Hardy-Dirac inequality, which can be used to define a distinguished self-adjoint extension of the Coulomb-Dirac operator defined on $\mathsf{C}_{0}^{\infty}(\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\};\mathbb{C}^{2(n-1)})$, as long as the coupling constant does not exceed $1/(4-n)$. We also find an explicit description of an operator core of this op…