Josep M. Paredes, MAGIC Collaboration
MAGIC has been exploring the sky at Very High Energy gamma-rays (50 GeV - 50 TeV) since 2004, operating first with a single telescope and from 2009 with two telescopes in stereoscopic mode. MAGIC has carried out a observational program involving fundamental physics and astrophysics topics. In this paper we present some of the most important results obtained by MAGIC, with a special emphasis in the most recent ones.
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The open-source Python package Gammapy, developed for the high-level analysis of gamma-ray data, requires gamma-like event lists combined with the corresponding instrument response functions. For a morphological analysis, these data have to include a background acceptance model. Here we report an approach to generate such a model for the MAGIC telescope data, accounting for the azimuth and zenith dependencies of the MAGIC background acceptance. We validate this method using observations of the Crab Nebula with different offsets from the pointing position.
MAGIC is a single-dish Cherenkov telescope located on La Palma (Spain), hence with an optimal view on the Northern sky. Sensitive in the 30 GeV-30 TeV energy band, it is nowadays the only ground-based instrument being able to measure high-energy gamma-rays below 100 GeV. We review the most recent experimental results obtained using MAGIC.
The MAGIC telescope, with its 17-m diameter mirror, is currently the largest single-dish Imaging Air Cherenkov Telescope. It is located on the Canary Island of La Palma, at an altitude of 2200 m above sea level, and is operating since 2004. The accessible energy range is in the very high energy (VHE, E>100 GeV) gamma-ray domain, and roughly 40% of the duty cycle is devoted to observation of extragalactic sources. Due to the lowest energy threshold (25 GeV), it can observe the deepest universe, and it is thus well suited for extragalactic observations. The strategies of extragalactic observatio…
MAGIC is one of the main instruments for exploring the galactic gamma-ray sky from ground in the energy range of 50 GeV - 50 TeV. It consists of two 17 m diameter imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes located at the Roque de los Muchachos Observatory, on the Canary island of La Palma. Thanks to its excellent sensitivity, MAGIC has conducted relevant studies on galactic objects of different types at Very High Energies. Among them, the Crab pulsar up to TeV energies, the spectral cut-off of the supernova remnant Cassiopeia A, the super-orbital variability of the binary system LSI +61 303, the…
After nearly a decade of operation, the three major arrays of atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes have revolutionized our view of the Very High Energy Universe, unveiling more than 100 sources of various types. MAGIC, consisting of two 17 m diameter telescopes on the Canary island of La Palma, and VERITAS, with four 12 m telescopes installed in southern Arizona, USA, have primarily explored the extragalactic sky, where the majority of the sources are active galactic nuclei (AGN), with γ-ray emission originating in their relativistic jets. ...... Highlights of these observations with H.E.S.S., MAG…
MAGIC is a system of two Cherenkov telescopes designed to perform observations of gamma rays with energies from about 50 GeV to tens of TeV. A low energy threshold and an excellent low energy performance make it a powerful instrument for studies of high energy processes in Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN). The MAGIC Collaboration dedicates about 40% of the telescopes' time to such observations, both monitoring of known emitters, and Target of Opportunity observations of flaring events. In this presentation we will discuss the recent highlights of the MAGIC AGN program. In particular, multi year mo…
In the past fifteen years, the way to study TeV gamma-ray emitters changed drastically. The detection-based approach aimed at populating the TeV gamma-ray sky evolved into a physics-driven one, with the ambitious objective of understanding the mechanisms responsible for the emission and their environments. The synergic collaboration between instruments operating in different electromagnetic bands and with different messengers is therefore crucial. In this talk, I will report highlights on extragalactic physics studies achieved with the MAGIC telescopes, with special emphasis on the MeV-TeV con…
The MAGIC TeV gamma-ray telescopes have devoted several hundreds hour of observation time in about a decade, to hunt for particle dark matter indirect signatures in gamma rays, from various candidate targets of interest in the sky: the galactic center, satellite galaxies, galaxy clusters and unidentified objects in other bands. Despite the effort, no hints are present in MAGIC data. These observation are nevertheless not unusable. MAGIC indeed derived the most robust upper limits in the TeV range than any other instrument. These results, for the time being, only mildly constrain some classic d…
The discovery of emission of TeV gamma rays from X-ray binaries has triggered an intense effort to better understand the particle acceleration, absorption, and emission mechanisms in compact binary systems. Here we present the pioneering effort of the MAGIC collaboration to understand the very high energy emission of the prototype system LS I +61 303. We report on the variable nature of the emission from LS I +61 303 and show that this emission is indeed periodic. The system shows regular outburst at TeV energies in phase phi=0.6-0.7 and detect no signal at periastron (phi~ 0.275). Furthermore…
MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Cherenkov Telescope) is a system of two 17 meters Cherenkov telescopes, sensitive to very high energy (VHE; $> 10^{11}$ eV) gamma radiation above an energy threshold of 50 GeV. The first telescope was built in 2004 and operated for five years in stand-alone mode. A second MAGIC telescope (MAGIC-II), at a distance of 85 meters from the first one, started taking data in July 2009. Together they integrate the MAGIC stereoscopic system. Stereoscopic observations have improved the MAGIC sensitivity and its performance in terms of spectral and angular resol…
The MAGIC two 17 meter diameter Very High Energy (VHE) gamma-ray telescopes have now operated for two years in stereoscopic mode. The performance of the instrument has been evaluated: the integral sensitivity for an energy above 300 GeV is 0.76% crab units (10% Crab units differential sensitivity below 100 GeV) and the analysis threshold energy is 50 GeV. Highlights of the last two years of observations are the measurement of the Crab Nebula spectrum from ~50 GeV to ~50 TeV; the detection of the Crab pulsar up to an energy of 400 GeV, with energy spectra measured for both P1 and P2; the discov…
Recent results from MAGIC
本文回顾了MAGIC望远镜系统20多年来的精选科学成果，涵盖多信使天文学、宇宙射线谱测量、恒星大小估算、引力透镜及暗物质搜寻，并展望了与CTA联合观测的未来。
HESS J1857+026 is an extended TeV gamma-ray source discovered by H.E.S.S. very close to the Galactic plane. Located in the vicinity of the pulsar PSR J1856+0245, the source represents a pulsar wind nebula (PWN) candidate. In Fermi-LAT data, 7 photons above 100GeV were associated to it as VHE J1857+0252 by Neronov and Semikoz (2010), while in the previous MeV-GeV catalogs no associated source was reported yet. MAGIC was upgraded to a stereoscopic Cherenkov telescope system in 2009, which substantially improved its performance with respect to extended objects. We observed HESS J1857+026 in 2010 …
MAGIC is an instrument composed of a pair of telescopes for gamma- ray and cosmic-ray astrophysics in the TeV range. It is operating for more than a decade now, and is one of the current best performing instruments in this field, specifically at low energies, where it achieves the largest sensitivity. MAGIC pursues a strong program in galactic and extragalactic gamma-ray science. Its catalog of blazars, radiogalaxies and galaxy clusters observations as well as supernovae, novae, pulsar wind nebulae, pulsars and binary systems has now increased to several tens of detected targets. In addition, …
One of the brightest regions of diffuse gamma-ray emission in the northern sky is the Cygnus star-forming region, where one can assume the most energetic processes are taking place. The Dragonfly Nebula (MGRO J2019+37) is one of the brightest sources in the Cygnus region. First discovered by MILAGRO, it was later resolved into two sources by VERITAS: the faint point-like source VER J2016+371 and the bright extended source VER J2019+368. The latter accounts for the bulk of the MGRO J2019+37 emission, with the spectrum among the hardest in the TeV range. We report the results of a dedicated MAGI…
Several classes of sources are known to emit different messengers. Among them, transient sources are a special case, due to their serendipitous occurrence, time variability and duration on different timescales. They are associated with explosive and catastrophic events where very compact objects like neutron stars and black holes are involved. The difficulty of observing such elusive and possibly short-lasting events requires a fast reaction and a well-organized alert network between different experiments. In order to characterize them in the best possible way, instruments with a wide field of…
In the last couple of years the Magic air Cherenkov telescope has made significant contributions to very high energy $γ$-ray astronomy. These include the detection of the galactic binary system LSI +61 303 and the observation of pulsed emission from the Crab pulsar. Extragalactic objects like the famous FSRQ 3C 279 and the LBL S5 0716+714 have both been detected during optical high states, and the radio galaxy M87 could be observed during an unexpected strong $γ$-ray outburst. Given its low energy trigger threshold (~50 GeV) and fast repositioning time of less than 30s the Magic air Cherenkov …
Galactic transients, X-ray and gamma-ray binaries provide a proper environment for particle acceleration. This leads to the production of gamma rays with energies reaching the GeV-TeV regime. MAGIC has carried out deep observations of different transient and variable stellar objects of which we highlight 4 of them here: LSI+61 303, MWC 656, Cygnus X-1 and SN 2014J. We present the results of those observations, including long-term monitoring of Cygnus X-1 and LSI+61 303 (7 and 8 years, respectively). The former is one of the brightest X-ray sources and best studied microquasars across a broad r…
The Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov (MAGIC) telescope system is located on the Canary Island of La Palma and inspects the very high-energy (VHE, few tens of GeV and above) gamma-ray sky. MAGIC consists of two imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes (IACTs), which capture images of the air showers originating from the absorption of gamma rays and cosmic rays by the atmosphere, through the detection of Cherenkov photons emitted in the shower. The sensitivity of IACTs to gamma-ray sources is mainly determined by the ability to reconstruct the properties (type, energy, and arrival direc…
Gamma rays from extragalactic sources are attenuated by pair-production interactions with diffuse photons of the extragalactic background light (EBL). Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are a source of high-redshift photons above 10 GeV, and could be therefore useful as a probe of the evolving UV background radiation. In this paper, we develop a simple phenomenological model for the number and redshift distribution of gamma-ray bursts that can be seen at GeV energies with the Fermi satellite and MAGIC atmospheric Cherenkov telescope. We estimate the observed number of gamma rays per year, and show how th…
The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next generation very high energy gamma-ray observatory covering the 20 GeV - 300 TeV energy range with unprecedented sensitivity, angular and energy resolution. With a site in each hemisphere, CTA will provide full-sky coverage. Four Large Size Telescopes (LSTs) in each site will be dedicated to the lowest energy range (20 GeV - 200 GeV). The first LST prototype has been installed at the CTA Northern site (Canary Island of La Palma, Spain) in October 2018 and it had been since then in commissioning phase. LST1 is located at about 100 m from MAGIC, a s…
The very high energy view of gamma-ray bursts with the MAGIC telescopes
本文介绍MAGIC望远镜对伽马射线暴的甚高能观测，报告了GRB 190114C和GRB 201216C的探测结果，并用单区同步自康普顿模型解释其宽带辐射，同时讨论了无甚高能辐射暴的观测结果及未来展望。
Under the assumption that dark matter is made of new particles, annihilations of those are required to reproduce the correct dark matter abundance in the Universe. This process can occur in dense regions of our Galaxy such as the Galactic center, dwarf galaxies and other types of sub-haloes. High-energy gamma-rays are expected to be produced in dark matter particle collisions and could be detected by ground-based Cherenkov telescopes such as HESS, MAGIC and VERITAS. The main experimental challenges to get constraints on particle dark matter models are reviewed, making explicit the pros and con…
The number of discovered TeV sources populating the extragalactic sky in 2017 is nearly 70, mostly blazars located up to a redshift ~1. Ten years ago, in 2007, less than 20 TeV emitters were known, up to a maximum redshift of 0.2. This is a major achievement of current generation of Cherenkov telescopes operating in synergy with optical, X-ray, and GeV gamma-ray telescopes. A review of selected results from the extragalactic TeV sky is presented, with particular emphasis on recently detected distant sources.
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