结构化真空中物质波量子发射器的动力学
Dynamics of Matter-Wave Quantum Emitters in a Structured Vacuum
AI总结：
本研究利用光晶格超冷原子实验，探究物质波量子发射器与等效光子晶体波导单能带耦合的衰减动力学，观测到随耦合-带宽比变化的动力学转变，揭示了开放量子系统相干性产生的机制。
摘要：
自发辐射的特性可被真空的模式结构强烈改变。在基于光子晶体的波导量子电动力学中，这种修饰效应被用于调控带边附近的原子-光子相互作用，但与整个能带耦合的物理机制尚未在实验中得到探究。我们利用光晶格中的超冷原子，研究了物质波量子发射器与特性可调的等效光子晶体波导结构单个能带耦合的衰减动力学。根据真空耦合强度与带宽的比值，我们观测到从不可逆衰减到完全振荡动力学的转变，这种转变与带边附近物质波束缚态的相互作用相关，我们还表征了这些束缚态的空间结构。我们的结果揭示了可控环境下开放量子系统中相干性的产生机制，对理解光子系统中的真空诱导衰减现象具有参考意义。
英文摘要：
The characteristics of spontaneous emission can be strongly modified by the mode structure of the vacuum. In waveguide quantum-electrodynamics based on photonic crystals, this modification is exploited to engineer atom-photon interactions near a band edge, but the physics of coupling to an entire band has not yet been explored in experiments. Using ultracold atoms in an optical lattice, we study the decay dynamics of matter-wave quantum emitters coupled to a single band of an effective photonic crystal waveguide structure with tunable characteristics. Depending on the ratio between vacuum coupling and bandwidth, we observe a transition from irreversible decay to fully oscillatory dynamics linked to the interplay of matter-wave bound states near the band edges, whose spatial structure we characterize. Our results shed light on the emergence of coherence in an open quantum system in a controllable environment, and are of relevance for the understanding of vacuum-induced decay phenomena in photonic systems.
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