用LHCf Arm2探测器测量$\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV}$质子-质子碰撞产生的正向中子的能流、截面和平均非弹性
Measurement of energy flow, cross section and average inelasticity of forward neutrons produced in $\mathrm{\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV}$ proton-proton collisions with the LHCf Arm2 detector
摘要：
本文报道了在$\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV质子-质子碰撞中产生的正向中子（+反中子）的能流、截面和平均非弹性的测量结果。这些量是从包含微分产生截面中获得的，使用欧洲核子研究中心大型强子对撞机的LHCf Arm 2探测器测量。测量在六个赝快度区域进行：其中三个（$η> 10.75$，$8.99 < η< 9.21$和$8.80 < η< 8.99$），虽然较小的接受度和较大的不确定性，已经发表在以前的工作，而其余三个（$10.06 < η< 10.75$，$9.65 < η< 10.06$和$8.65 < η< 8.80$）在这里首次提出。使用2015年6月获得的数据集进行分析，相应的积分光度为$\mathrm{0.194~nb^{-1}}$。比较实验测量与预期的几个强子相互作用模型用于模拟宇宙线空气淋浴，没有这些发电机导致有一个令人满意的协议，在所有的相空间选择的分析。$η> 10.75$的包容性差分生产截面没有被任何模型再现，而结果仍然表明在较低的伪快速性下存在显著但不太严重的偏差。根据赝快度区域的不同，与数据总体一致性最好的发生器是SIBYLL 2.3或EPOS-LHC。此外，除了最前面的区域，导出的能量流和截面分布最好的再现EPOS-LHC。最后，即使没有一个模型以令人满意的方式描述弹性分布，提取的平均非弹性与QGSJET II-04值是一致的，而大多数其他发电机给出的值正好在实验不确定性之外。
英文摘要：
In this paper, we report the measurement of the energy flow, the cross section and the average inelasticity of forward neutrons (+ antineutrons) produced in $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV proton-proton collisions. These quantities are obtained from the inclusive differential production cross section, measured using the LHCf Arm2 detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. The measurements are performed in six pseudorapidity regions: three of them ($η> 10.75$, $8.99 < η< 9.21$ and $8.80 < η< 8.99$), albeit with smaller acceptance and larger uncertainties, were already published in a previous work, whereas the remaining three ($10.06 < η< 10.75$, $9.65 < η< 10.06$ and $8.65 < η< 8.80$) are presented here for the first time. The analysis was carried out using a data set acquired in June 2015 with a corresponding integrated luminosity of $\mathrm{0.194~nb^{-1}}$. Comparing the experimental measurements with the expectations of several hadronic interaction models used to simulate cosmic ray air showers, none of these generators resulted to have a satisfactory agreement in all the phase space selected for the analysis. The inclusive differential production cross section for $η> 10.75$ is not reproduced by any model, whereas the results still indicate a significant but less serious deviation at lower pseudorapidities. Depending on the pseudorapidity region, the generators showing the best overall agreement with data are either SIBYLL 2.3 or EPOS-LHC. Furthermore, apart from the most forward region, the derived energy flow and cross section distributions are best reproduced by EPOS-LHC. Finally, even if none of the models describe the elasticity distribution in a satisfactory way, the extracted average inelasticity is consistent with the QGSJET II-04 value, while most of the other generators give values that lie just outside the experimental uncertainties.
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