强约束的活性微藻导致涡流反转和增强混合
Strong confinement of active microalgae leads to inversion of vortex flow and enhanced mixing
摘要：
在粘性流体中游动的微生物在它们产生的流场中留下了它们的推进机制。这些游泳者在刚性边界之间的极端限制经常出现在自然和技术背景下，但在这种情况下，他们的力学测量是缺席的。在这里，我们表明，强烈限制两个平行的板之间的microcarbon Chlamydium不仅抑制其运动性通过接触摩擦的墙壁，但也导致，纯粹的机械原因，反转周围的涡流。从实验的见解导致简化的流场的理论描述的基础上准2D Brinkman近似的斯托克斯方程，而不是通常的方法的图像。我们认为，这种涡流反转提供了增强流体混合的优势，尽管更高的摩擦。总的来说，我们的研究结果提供了一个全面的框架，分析集体流动的强烈限制游泳。
英文摘要：
Microorganisms swimming through viscous fluids imprint their propulsion mechanisms in the flow fields they generate. Extreme confinement of these swimmers between rigid boundaries often arises in natural and technological contexts, yet measurements of their mechanics in this regime are absent. Here, we show that strongly confining the microalga Chlamydomonas between two parallel plates not only inhibits its motility through contact friction with the walls but also leads, for purely mechanical reasons, to inversion of the surrounding vortex flows. Insights from the experiment lead to a simplified theoretical description of flow fields based on a quasi-2D Brinkman approximation to the Stokes equation rather than the usual method of images. We argue that this vortex flow inversion provides the advantage of enhanced fluid mixing despite higher friction. Overall, our results offer a comprehensive framework for analyzing the collective flows of strongly confined swimmers.
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