浅部长英质行星壳的形成
Planetary Felsic Crust Formation at Shallow Depth
摘要：
目前的理论认为，在地球上，也可能在其他类地行星的早期历史上，第一个陆壳可能是由水合橄榄岩直接熔融而形成的。然而，这种生产的条件、机制和必要成分仍然难以捉摸。为了填补这一空白，我们进行了实验蛇纹岩熔融的玄武质熔体的比例可变的存在下，在典型的条件下，浅岩石圈和软流圈。这些实验揭示了富硅液体的形成，这是相似的英云闪长岩-奥长花岗岩-花岗闪长岩岩浆（TTG）在现代陆地海洋地幔环境中确定。我们的研究结果提出了一种新的机制，水流体辅助橄榄岩的部分熔融，可能已经在早期地球和火星上的超镁铁质-镁铁质岩浆海洋凝固后，导致形成的第一个胚胎的陆壳。所提出的陆壳形成机制可能在板块构造开始之前占主导地位。
英文摘要：
Current theories suggest that on Earth and, possibly, on other terrestrial planets early in their history, the first continental crust may has been produced by direct melting of hydrated peridotite. However, the conditions, mechanisms and necessary ingredients of such production remain elusive. To fill this gap, we have conducted experiments of serpentinite melting in the presence of variable proportions of basaltic melt, at typical conditions of the shallow lithosphere and asthenosphere. These experiments revealed formation of silica-rich liquids, which are similar to tonalite-trondhjemite-granodiorite magmas (TTG) identified in modern terrestrial oceanic mantle settings. Our results suggest a new mechanism of aqueous fluid-assisted partial melting of peridotite that may have operated on the early Earth and Mars just after the solidification of an ultramafic-mafic magma ocean, leading to the formation of the first embryos of continental crust. The proposed mechanism of the continental crust formation may have been predominant before the onset of plate tectonics.
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