非平衡细胞传感中的普适能量-精度权衡
Universal energy-accuracy tradeoffs in nonequilibrium cellular sensing
AI总结：
本研究结合多理论推导单细胞浓度传感精度极限，发现简单观测下非平衡受体存在能量-精度帕累托最优权衡，提出新型热力学不确定关系并推广经典Berg-Purcell极限。
摘要：
我们结合随机热力学、大偏差理论和信息论，推导出单细胞受体估算外部浓度精度的基本极限。正如预期，若由能观测受体状态全轨迹的理想观测者执行估算，那么任何可分为结合态与未结合态的耗能非平衡受体，性能都无法超越平衡态双态受体。但当由仅测量受体结合时间占比的简单观测者执行估算时，我们推导出通用非平衡受体精度作为能耗函数的基本极限。我们进一步推导并利用显式公式，数值估算了精度与能量之间的帕累托最优权衡。我们发现这种权衡可由非均匀环形受体实现，其状态数必然随能量增加而增多。我们的结果提出了一个关于物理系统处于某状态池时长的新型热力学不确定关系，并从多个维度推广了1977年经典的细胞传感Berg-Purcell极限。
英文摘要：
We combine stochastic thermodynamics, large deviation theory, and information theory to derive fundamental limits on the accuracy with which single cell receptors can estimate external concentrations. As expected, if estimation is performed by an ideal observer of the entire trajectory of receptor states, then no energy consuming non-equilibrium receptor that can be divided into bound and unbound states can outperform an equilibrium two-state receptor. However, when estimation is performed by a simple observer that measures the fraction of time the receptor is bound, we derive a fundamental limit on the accuracy of general nonequilibrium receptors as a function of energy consumption. We further derive and exploit explicit formulas to numerically estimate a Pareto-optimal tradeoff between accuracy and energy. We find this tradeoff can be achieved by nonuniform ring receptors with a number of states that necessarily increases with energy. Our results yield a novel thermodynamic uncertainty relation for the time a physical system spends in a pool of states, and generalize the classic 1977 Berg-Purcell limit on cellular sensing along multiple dimensions.
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