We present predictions for high redshift ($z=2-10$) galaxy populations based on the IllustrisTNG simulation suite and a full Monte Carlo dust radiative transfer post-processing. Specifically, we discuss the ${\rm H}_α$ and ${\rm H}_β$ + $[\rm O \,III]$ luminosity functions up to $z=8$. The predicted ${\rm H}_β$ + $[\rm O \,III]$ luminosity functions are consistent with present observations at $z\lesssim 3$ with $\lesssim 0.1\,{\rm dex}$ differences in luminosities. However, the predicted ${\rm H}_α$ luminosity function is $\sim 0.3\,{\rm dex}$ dimmer than the observed one at $z\simeq 2$. Furthermore, we explore continuum spectral indices, the Balmer break at $4000$Å(D4000) and the UV continuum slope $β$. The median D4000 versus sSFR relation predicted at $z=2$ is in agreement with the local calibration despite a different distribution pattern of galaxies in this plane. In addition, we reproduce the observed $A_{\rm UV}$ versus $β$ relation and explore its dependence on galaxy stellar mass, providing an explanation for the observed complexity of this relation. We also find a deficiency in heavily attenuated, UV red galaxies in the simulations. Finally, we provide predictions for the dust attenuation curves of galaxies at $z=2-6$ and investigate their dependence on galaxy colors and stellar masses. The attenuation curves are steeper in galaxies at higher redshifts, with bluer colors, or with lower stellar masses. We attribute these predicted trends to dust geometry. Overall, our results are consistent with present observations of high redshift galaxies. Future JWST observations will further test these predictions.
We present and analyze a series of synthetic galaxy survey fields based on the IllustrisTNG Simulation suite. With the Illustris public data release and JupyterLab service, we generated a set of twelve lightcone catalogs covering areas from 5 to 365 square arcminutes, similar to several JWST Cycle 1 programs, including JADES, CEERS, PRIMER, and NGDEEP. From these catalogs, we queried the public API to generate simple mock images in a series of broadband filters used by JWST-NIRCam and the Hubble Space Telescope cameras. This procedure generates wide-area simulated mosaic images that can suppor…
We post-process galaxies in the IllustrisTNG simulations with SKIRT radiative transfer calculations to make predictions for the rest-frame near-infrared (NIR) and far-infrared (FIR) properties of galaxies at $z\geq 4$. The rest-frame $K$- and $z$-band galaxy luminosity functions from TNG are overall consistent with observations, despite a $\sim 0.5\,\mathrm{dex}$ underprediction at $z=4$ for $M_{\rm K}\lesssim -25$ and $M_{\rm z}\lesssim -24$. Predictions for the JWST MIRI observed galaxy luminosity functions and number counts are given. Based on theoretical estimations, we show that the next-…
Dust emission from high-redshift galaxies gives us a clue to the origin and evolution of dust in the early Universe. Previous studies have shown that different sources of dust (stellar dust production and dust growth in dense clouds) predict different ultraviolet (UV) extinction curves for galaxies at $z\sim 7$ but that the observed attenuation curves depend strongly on the geometry of dust and star distributions. Thus, we perform radiative transfer calculations under the dust-stars geometries computed by a cosmological hydrodynamic simulation (IllustrisTNG). This serves to investigate the dus…
We compute synthetic, rest-frame optical and ultraviolet (UV) emission-line properties of galaxy populations at redshifts from z$\approx$0 to z=8 in a full cosmological framework. We achieve this by coupling, in post-processing, the cosmological IllustrisTNG simulations with new-generation nebular-emission models, accounting for line emission from young stars, post-asymptotic-giant-branch (PAGB) stars, accreting black holes (BHs) and, for the first time, fast radiative shocks. The optical emission-line properties of simulated galaxies dominated by different ionizing sources are largely consist…
The James Webb Space Telescop (JWST) promises to revolutionise our understanding of the early Universe, and contrasting its upcoming observations with predictions of the $Λ$CDM model requires detailed theoretical forecasts. Here, we exploit the large dynamic range of the IllustrisTNG simulation suite, TNG50, TNG100, and TNG300, to derive multi-band galaxy luminosity functions from $z=2$ to $z=10$. We put particular emphasis on the exploration of different dust attenuation models to determine galaxy luminosity functions for the rest-frame ultraviolet (UV), and apparent wide NIRCam bands. Our mo…
We have generated synthetic images of $\sim$27,000 galaxies from the IllustrisTNG and the original Illustris hydrodynamic cosmological simulations, designed to match Pan-STARRS observations of $\log_{10}(M_{\ast}/{\rm M}_{\odot}) \approx 9.8$-$11.3$ galaxies at $z \approx 0.05$. Most of our synthetic images were created with the SKIRT radiative transfer code, including the effects of dust attenuation and scattering, and performing the radiative transfer directly on the Voronoi mesh used by the simulations themselves. We have analysed both our synthetic and real Pan-STARRS images with the newly…
Evidence for Shallow Nebular Attenuation Curves and Patchy Dust Geometry at z~2 with Pa-beta/H-alpha Measurements from JWST-MegaScience Medium Band Photometry
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）；Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris, CNRS, Sorbonne Université（巴黎天体物理研究所，法国国家科学研究中心，索邦大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）
The JWST/AURORA Survey: Multiple Balmer and Paschen Emission Lines for Individual Star-forming Galaxies at z=1.5-4.4. I. A Diversity of Nebular Attenuation Curves and Evidence for Non-Unity Dust Covering Fractions
University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；University of Kentucky（肯塔基大学）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)（马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所）
Forward-modelling the Tolman and distance-duality tests with IllustrisTNG
Institute of Cosmology & Gravitation, University of Portsmouth（宇宙学与引力研究所，朴茨茅斯大学）；Astrophysics, University of Oxford（天体物理学系，牛津大学）；Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, University of Oxford（鲁道夫·派尔斯理论物理中心，牛津大学）
We derive the spatial and wavelength behavior of dust attenuation in the multiple-armed spiral galaxy VV191b using backlighting by the superimposed elliptical system VV191a in a pair with an exceptionally favorable geometry for this measurement. Imaging using JWST and HST spans the wavelength range 0.3-4.5 microns with high angular resolution, tracing the dust in detail from 0.6 to 1.5 microns. Distinct dust lanes continue well beyond the bright spiral arms, and trace a complex web, with a very sharp radial cutoff near 1.7 Petrosian radii. We present attenuation profiles and coverage statistic…
The recent JWST tentative discovery of a population of super-early (redshift $z> 10$), relatively massive (stellar mass $M_* = 10^{8-9} M_{\odot}$) and evolved (metallicity $Z \approx 0.1 Z_{\odot}$) galaxies, which nevertheless show blue ($β\simeq -2.6$) spectra, and very small dust attenuation ($A_{\rm V} \leq 0.02$), challenges our interpretation of these systems. To solve the puzzle we propose two solutions in which dust is either (a) ejected by radiation pressure, or (b) segregated with respect to UV-emitting regions. We clarify the conditions for which the two scenarios apply, and show t…
We introduce the first two simulations of the IllustrisTNG project, a next generation of cosmological magnetohydrodynamical simulations, focusing on the optical colors of galaxies. We explore TNG100, a rerun of the original Illustris box, and TNG300, which includes 2x2500^3 resolution elements in a volume twenty times larger. Here we present first results on the galaxy color bimodality at low redshift. Accounting for the attenuation of stellar light by dust, we compare the simulated (g-r) colors of 10^9 < M*/Msun < 10^12.5 galaxies to the observed distribution from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey…
Star Formation and Nebular Attenuation from Pa$α$, Br$α$, and Br$β$ in Massive Dust-obscured Galaxies at Cosmic Noon using JWST
The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；University of Maryland, College Park（马里兰大学帕克分校）；University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；Tufts University（塔夫茨大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
FRESCO: Constraining Dust Attenuation and Star-Formation Rates of $z\sim 2$ Star-Forming Galaxies with JWST Paschen and Ground-Based Balmer Emission Line Observations
University of California, Riverside（加州大学河滨分校）；University of Geneva（日内瓦大学）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Institute of Science and Technology Austria (ISTA)（奥地利科学技术研究院）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心（CSIC-INTA））；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
SDSS+JWST Census of Stellar and Nebular Dust Attenuation at $z \sim 0$-7: Mass Dependence and Redshift Evolution
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙物理数学研究 Kavli 研究所（WPI））；The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（日本综合研究大学院大学）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）
Massive stars are thought to be progenitors of Long Gamma Ray Bursts (GRBs), most likely with a bias favouring low metallicity progenitors. Because galaxies do not have a constant metallicity throughout, the combination of line-of-sight absorption metallicity inferred from GRB afterglow spectroscopy and of host galaxy global metallicity derived from emission lines diagnostics represents a powerful way to probe both the bias function for GRB progenitors, and the chemical inhomogeneities across star forming regions. In this study, we predict the relationship between Zabs and Zem using three diff…
Stardust Galaxies at z>9: A Dust-Origin Transition Behind the Excess of UV-Bright Galaxies
Aix Marseille Université（艾克斯-马赛大学）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）；Nagoya University（名古屋大学）；the Institute of Statistical Mathematics（统计数学研究所）；David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学戴维·A·邓普尔天文与天体物理系）；National Optical-Infrared Astronomy Research Laboratory（国家光学红外天文研究实验室）；University of Hertfordshire（赫特福德大学）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）；Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute（平顿研究所计算天体物理学中心）
HELM's deep: Highly Extincted Low-Mass galaxies seen by JWST
INAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia "G. Galilei", Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学伽利略物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Colby College（科尔比学院物理与天文学系）；Physics & Astronomy Department, University of Louisville（路易斯维尔大学物理与天文学系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, The Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学物理与天文学系）；Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)（太空望远镜科学研究所）
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) discovered several luminous high-redshift galaxy candidates with stellar masses of $M_{*} \gtrsim 10^{9} \, \rm{M_{\odot}}$ at photometric redshifts $z_{\mathrm{phot}} \gtrsim 10$ which allows to constrain galaxy and structure formation models. For example, Adams et al. identified the candidate ID 1514 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = {9.8}_{-0.2}^{+0.2}$ located at $z_{\mathrm{phot}} = 9.85_{-0.12}^{+0.18}$ and Naidu et al. found even more distant candidates labeled as GL-z11 and GL-z13 with $\log_{10}(M_{*}/M_{\odot}) = 9.4_{-0.3}^{+0.3}$ at $z_{\mathr…
We present the Empirical Dust Attenuation (EDA) framework -- a flexible prescription for assigning realistic dust attenuation to simulated galaxies based on their physical properties. We use the EDA to forward model synthetic observations for three state-of-the-art large-scale cosmological hydrodynamical simulations: SIMBA, IllustrisTNG, and EAGLE. We then compare the optical and UV color-magnitude relations, $(g-r) - M_r$ and $(FUV-NUV)-M_r$, of the simulations to a $M_r < -20$ and UV complete SDSS galaxy sample using likelihood-free inference. Without dust, none of the simulations match obse…
Investigating cosmic strings using large-volume hydrodynamical simulations in the context of JWST's massive UV-bright galaxies
Goethe University（歌德大学）；Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（天体物理中心 | 哈佛与史密森尼学会）；McGill University（麦吉尔大学）；Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院）；York University（约克大学）
GalSyn I: A Forward-Modeling Code for Synthetic Galaxy Observations from Hydrodynamical Simulations and First Data Release from IllustrisTNG
Indiana University（印第安纳大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI)（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Flatiron Institute（平托研究所）；Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy (AURA), Inc.（天文研究大学协会）；The Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Tohoku University（东北大学）
Early Results from GLASS-JWST. XXVI. Spatially Resolved Star Formation and Balmer Decrements at $1.1<z<2.3$ from NIRISS Slitless Spectroscopy
School of Astronomy and Space Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (UCAS)（中国科学院大学天文与空间科学学院）；Institute for Frontiers in Astronomy and Astrophysics, Beijing Normal University（北京师范大学天文与前沿科学研究院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校物理与天文学系）；Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing, Swinburne University of Technology（斯威本科技大学天体物理学与超级计算中心）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校物理与天文学系）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所）
An empirical derivation of the average dust attenuation law at 2<z<7
Università di Padova（帕多瓦大学）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；University of Massachusetts Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Scuola Normale Superiore（比萨高等师范学院）；Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（西班牙国家技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所天体生物学中心）；University of Southampton（南安普顿大学）
We present the first characterisation of the average dust attenuation curve at $z\sim1.3$ by combining rest-frame ultraviolet through near-IR photometry with Balmer decrement ($\mathrm{H}α$/$\mathrm{H}β$) constraints for $\sim$900 galaxies with $8\lesssim\log (M_\star /M_\odot)<10.2$ at $0.75<z<1.5$ in the HST WFC3 IR Spectroscopic Parallel (WISP) and 3D-HST grism surveys. Using galaxies in SDSS, we establish that the ($\mathrm{H}α$+[NII])/[OIII] line ratio and stellar mass are good proxies for the Balmer decrement in low-spectral resolution grism data when only upper-limits on $\mathrm{H}β$ a…
We present the first comparison of observed stellar continuum spectra of high-redshift galaxies and mock galaxy spectra generated from hydrodynamical simulations. The mock spectra are produced from the IllustrisTNG TNG100 simulation combined with stellar population models and take into account dust attenuation and realistic observational effects (aperture effects and noise). We compare the simulated $D_n4000$ and EW(H$δ$) of galaxies with $10.5 \leq \log(M_\ast/M_\odot) \leq 11.5$ at $0.6 \leq z \leq 1.0$ to the observed distributions from the LEGA-C survey. TNG100 globally reproduces the obse…
Star-forming galaxies can exhibit strong morphological differences between the rest-frame far-UV and optical, reflecting inhomogeneities in star-formation and dust attenuation. We exploit deep, high resolution NIRCAM 7-band observations to take a first look at the morphology of galaxies in the epoch of reionization ($z>7$), and its variation in the rest-frame wavelength range between Lyman $α$ and 6000-4000Å, at $z=7-12$. We find no dramatic variations in morphology with wavelength -- of the kind that would have overturned anything we have learned from the Hubble Space Telescope. No significan…
Resolving dust and Lyα emission in a lensed galaxy at the epoch of reionization with JWST/CANUCS
University of Ljubljana（卢布尔雅那大学）；University of California Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校）；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；University of Groningen（格罗宁根大学）；INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma（意大利国家天体物理研究所罗马天文台）；Saint Mary’s University（圣玛丽大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）
Diversity and Evolution of Dust Attenuation Curves from Redshift z ~ 1 to 9
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA（天体生物学中心）；MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究所）；Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics (KICP), University of Chicago（芝加哥大学卡弗里宇宙物理研究所）；Department of Astronomy & Astrophysics, University of Chicago（芝加哥大学天文与天体物理系）；Sterrenkundig Observatorium Department of Physics and Astronomy Universiteit Gent（根特大学物理与天文学系天文台）；Institute for Computational & Data Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学计算与数据科学研究所）；Institute of Science and Technology Austria（奥地利科学与技术研究所）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛史密森尼天体物理中心）；Department of Astronomy, University of Geneva（日内瓦大学天文学系）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所）；Department of Physics, University of Oxford（牛津大学物理系）；Department of Astronomy, Oskar Klein Centre, Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学奥斯卡克莱因中心天文学系）
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) will revolutionise our understanding of early galaxy formation, and could potentially set stringent constraints on the nature of dark matter. We use a semi-empirical model of galaxy formation to investigate the extent to which uncertainties in the implementation of baryonic physics may be degenerate with the predictions of two different models of dark matter -- Cold Dark Matter (CDM) and a 7 keV sterile neutrino, which behaves as Warm Dark Matter (WDM). Our models are calibrated to the observed UV luminosity function at $z=4$ using two separate dust attenu…
NISER-IUCAA New Simulations of JWST GAlaxies and Quasars(NINJA): Properties of galaxies at $5 \leq z \leq 10$
Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics（大学间天体物理中心）；School of Physical Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research（国家科学教育研究中心物理科学学院）；Homi Bhabha National Institute（霍米·巴巴国立研究所）；Department of Astronomy, Astrophysics and Space Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore（印度印多尔理工学院天文、天体物理与空间工程系）
Spatially Resolved Nebular-Stellar Reddening with JWST/NIRISS
INAF – Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova（意大利国家天体物理研究所帕多瓦天文台）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Stockholm University（斯德哥尔摩大学）；Minnesota Institute for Astrophysics（明尼苏达天体物理研究所）
