不确定环境中的趋化性：多种受体类型的对冲赌注
Chemotaxis in uncertain environments: hedging bets with multiple receptor types
摘要：
真核细胞能够在广泛的环境中感知化学梯度。我们表明，如果一个细胞暴露在一个高度可变的环境中，它可能会获得趋化性的准确性，表达多种受体类型与不同的亲和力相同的信号，如常见的化学趋化细胞，如Dictyosteopathy。随着环境不确定性的增加，细胞会在偏好单一受体类型和多种类型的混合受体之间发生转变--从而避免不利环境的可能性。我们预测给定特定环境的最佳受体亲和力。在化学趋化中，细胞也可以随时间整合它们的测量。令人惊讶的是，与多种受体类型的时间整合是定性的梯度传感不同的一个单一的类型-细胞可以提取数量级的趋化信息比预期的幼稚的时间整合。我们的研究结果显示了细胞何时应该表达多种受体类型来进行chemotax，以及细胞如何有效地解释来自这些受体的数据。
英文摘要：
Eukaryotic cells are able to sense chemical gradients in a wide range of environments. We show that, if a cell is exposed to a highly variable environment, it may gain chemotactic accuracy by expressing multiple receptor types with varying affinities for the same signal, as found commonly in chemotaxing cells like Dictyostelium. As environment uncertainty is increased, there is a transition between cells preferring a single receptor type and a mixture of types - hedging their bets against the possibility of an unfavorable environment. We predict the optimal receptor affinities given a particular environment. In chemotaxing, cells may also integrate their measurement over time. Surprisingly, time-integration with multiple receptor types is qualitatively different from gradient sensing by a single type -- cells may extract orders of magnitude more chemotactic information than expected by naive time integration. Our results show when cells should express multiple receptor types to chemotax, and how cells can efficiently interpret the data from these receptors.
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