航天器群自主角度多目标跟踪
Autonomous Angles-Only Multi-Target Tracking for Spacecraft Swarms
摘要：
本文提出了一种新的算法，用于自主多目标跟踪的居民空间目标使用光学角度的测量从一个星载观测器。为了能够对航天器群进行仅以角度为单位的自主导航，观测者必须能够识别和跟踪视野中的多个已知或未知目标空间物体，而不依赖先验的相对轨道知识。极高的分配精度是必要的低测量频率和有限的计算资源。新的“航天器角度只有多目标跟踪系统”（SAMUS）算法已经开发，以满足这些目标和约束。它结合了特定领域的目标运动学建模与多假设技术，自主跟踪多个未知目标，只使用序列相机图像。一个测量变换，确保目标运动在观察者参考系遵循一致的参数模型;曲线拟合用于预测跟踪行为;和运动学推导的跟踪门控和评分标准，以提高效率和准确性的多假设方法。具有高保真度模拟的蒙特卡罗测试表明，在近圆形和偏心轨道的多航天器编队范围内，测量分配精度接近100%，召回率很高。在日食周期、显著的测量噪声和部分已知的群机动的存在下，保持跟踪。与其他跟踪算法的比较表明，该算法在精度、鲁棒性和计算时间方面具有很强的优势，这对于星载纯角度导航至关重要。
英文摘要：
This paper presents a new algorithm for autonomous multitarget tracking of resident space objects using optical angles-only measurements from a spaceborne observer. To enable autonomous angles-only navigation of spacecraft swarms, an observer must be able to identify and track multiple known or unknown target space objects in view, without reliance on a-priori relative orbit knowledge. Extremely high assignment precision is necessary with low measurement frequencies and limited computational resources. The new "Spacecraft Angles-only MUltitarget tracking System" (SAMUS) algorithm has been developed to meet these objectives and constraints. It combines domain-specific modeling of target kinematics with multi-hypothesis techniques to autonomously track multiple unknown targets using only sequential camera images. A measurement transform ensures that target motion in the observer reference frame follows consistent parametric models; curve fitting is used to predict track behavior; and kinematically-derived track gating and scoring criteria are applied to improve the efficiency and accuracy of the multi-hypothesis approach. Monte-Carlo testing with high-fidelity simulations demonstrates close to 100% measurement assignment precision and strong recall across a range of multi-spacecraft formations, in both near-circular and eccentric orbits. Tracking is maintained in the presence of eclipse periods, significant measurement noise, and partially known swarm maneuvers. A comparison to other tracking algorithms reveals strong advantages in precision, robustness and computation time, crucial for spaceborne angles-only navigation.
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