星系团中星系团的可靠光度成员(RPM)。I.一种机器学习方法及其在局部论域中的性能
Reliable Photometric Membership (RPM) of Galaxies in Clusters. I. A Machine Learning Method and its Performance in the Local Universe
摘要:
我们介绍了一种新的方法来确定星系团成员的光度特性的基础上。我们采用机器学习的方法来恢复星系光度参数的集群成员资格的概率,并最终得出一个成员分类。在测试了几种机器学习技术(如随机梯度提升,模型平均神经网络和k最近邻)后,我们发现支持向量机(SVM)算法在应用于我们的数据时表现更好。我们的训练和验证数据来自斯隆数字巡天(SDSS)的主样本。因此,为了完成$M_r^* + 3$,我们将我们的工作限制为使用$z_{\text{phot-cl}} \le 0.045$的30个集群。质量($M_{200}$)大于$\sim 0.6\times10^{14} M_{\odot}$(大多数高于$3\times10^{14} M_{\odot}$)。我们的结果是考虑到每个星系团的视线中的所有星系,没有光度红移削减或背景校正。我们的方法是非参数的,不对星系团中星系的数量密度或光度分布做任何假设。我们的方法在R $_{200}$内提供了极其准确的结果(完整性,C $\sim 92\%$和纯度,P $\sim 87\%$),因此我们将代码命名为{ \bf RPM}。我们讨论可能的依赖关系的大小,颜色和集群质量。最后,我们提出了我们的方法的一些应用,强调其影响的星系演化和宇宙学研究的基础上,未来的大尺度调查,如eROSITA,EUCLID和LSST。
英文摘要:
We introduce a new method to determine galaxy cluster membership based solely on photometric properties. We adopt a machine learning approach to recover a cluster membership probability from galaxy photometric parameters and finally derive a membership classification. After testing several machine learning techniques (such as Stochastic Gradient Boosting, Model Averaged Neural Network and k-Nearest Neighbors), we found the Support Vector Machine (SVM) algorithm to perform better when applied to our data. Our training and validation data are from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) main sample. Hence, to be complete to $M_r^* + 3$ we limit our work to 30 clusters with $z_{\text{phot-cl}} \le 0.045$. Masses ($M_{200}$) are larger than $\sim 0.6\times10^{14} M_{\odot}$ (most above $3\times10^{14} M_{\odot}$). Our results are derived taking in account all galaxies in the line of sight of each cluster, with no photometric redshift cuts or background corrections. Our method is non-parametric, making no assumptions on the number density or luminosity profiles of galaxies in clusters. Our approach delivers extremely accurate results (completeness, C $\sim 92\%$ and purity, P $\sim 87\%$) within R$_{200}$, so that we named our code {\bf RPM}. We discuss possible dependencies on magnitude, colour and cluster mass. Finally, we present some applications of our method, stressing its impact to galaxy evolution and cosmological studies based on future large scale surveys, such as eROSITA, EUCLID and LSST.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。