We propose a hierarchical meta-learning-inspired model for music source separation (Meta-TasNet) in which a generator model is used to predict the weights of individual extractor models. This enables efficient parameter-sharing, while still allowing for instrument-specific parameterization. Meta-TasNet is shown to be more effective than the models trained independently or in a multi-task setting, and achieve performance comparable with state-of-the-art methods. In comparison to the latter, our extractors contain fewer parameters and have faster run-time performance. We discuss important architectural considerations, and explore the costs and benefits of this approach.
Indian Institute of Technology Kharagpur（印度理工学院卡拉格普尔分校）
Music genre classification is one of the trending topics in regards to the current Music Information Retrieval (MIR) Research. Since, the dependency of genre is not only limited to the audio profile, we also make use of textual content provided as lyrics of the corresponding song. We implemented a CNN based feature extractor for spectrograms in order to incorporate the acoustic features and a Hierarchical Attention Network based feature extractor for lyrics. We then go on to classify the music track based upon the resulting fused feature vector.
Center for Safe AGI（安全通用人工智能中心）；Ohla AI Group（Ohla人工智能集团）
Most machine learning models for audio tasks are dealing with a handcrafted feature, the spectrogram. However, it is still unknown whether the spectrogram could be replaced with deep learning based features. In this paper, we answer this question by comparing the different learnable neural networks extracting features with a successful spectrogram model and proposed a General Audio Feature eXtractor (GAFX) based on a dual U-Net (GAFX-U), ResNet (GAFX-R), and Attention (GAFX-A) modules. We design experiments to evaluate this model on the music genre classification task on the GTZAN dataset and …
Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have been successfully used in various Music Information Retrieval (MIR) tasks, both as end-to-end models and as feature extractors for more complex systems. However, the MIR field is still dominated by the classical VGG-based CNN architecture variants, often in combination with more complex modules such as attention, and/or techniques such as pre-training on large datasets. Deeper models such as ResNet -- which surpassed VGG by a large margin in other domains -- are rarely used in MIR. One of the main reasons for this, as we will show, is the lack of gener…
In this paper, we propose S3T, a self-supervised pre-training method with Swin Transformer for music classification, aiming to learn meaningful music representations from massive easily accessible unlabeled music data. S3T introduces a momentum-based paradigm, MoCo, with Swin Transformer as its feature extractor to music time-frequency domain. For better music representations learning, S3T contributes a music data augmentation pipeline and two specially designed pre-processors. To our knowledge, S3T is the first method combining the Swin Transformer with a self-supervised learning method for m…
Graduate School of Culture Technology, KAIST（韩国科学技术院文化技术研究生院）
We propose a framework for audio-to-score alignment on piano performance that employs automatic music transcription (AMT) using neural networks. Even though the AMT result may contain some errors, the note prediction output can be regarded as a learned feature representation that is directly comparable to MIDI note or chroma representation. To this end, we employ two recurrent neural networks that work as the AMT-based feature extractors to the alignment algorithm. One predicts the presence of 88 notes or 12 chroma in frame-level and the other detects note onsets in 12 chroma. We combine the t…
Modeling of music audio semantics has been previously tackled through learning of mappings from audio data to high-level tags or latent unsupervised spaces. The resulting semantic spaces are theoretically limited, either because the chosen high-level tags do not cover all of music semantics or because audio data itself is not enough to determine music semantics. In this paper, we propose a generic framework for semantics modeling that focuses on the perception of the listener, through EEG data, in addition to audio data. We implement this framework using a novel end-to-end 2-view Neural Networ…
Commercial adoption of automatic music composition requires the capability of generating diverse and high-quality music suitable for the desired context (e.g., music for romantic movies, action games, restaurants, etc.). In this paper, we introduce combinatorial music generation, a new task to create varying background music based on given conditions. Combinatorial music generation creates short samples of music with rich musical metadata, and combines them to produce a complete music. In addition, we introduce ComMU, the first symbolic music dataset consisting of short music samples and their…
National Technical University of Athens（雅典国家技术大学）；National and Kapodistrian University Of Athens（雅典国立卡波迪斯特里亚大学）；National Center for Scientific Research - Demokritos（国家科学研究中心——德谟克利特）；Athena RC（雅典娜研究中心）
Studying under-represented music traditions under the MIR scope is crucial, not only for developing novel analysis tools, but also for unveiling musical functions that might prove useful in studying world musics. This paper presents a dataset for Greek Traditional and Folk music that includes 1570 pieces, summing in around 80 hours of data. The dataset incorporates YouTube timestamped links for retrieving audio and video, along with rich metadata information with regards to instrumentation, geography and genre, among others. The content has been collected from a Greek documentary series that i…
Facebook AI Research（Facebook人工智能研究院）；INRIA（法国国家信息与自动化研究所）；École Normale Supérieure（巴黎高等师范学院）；PSL Research University（巴黎文理研究大学）
We study the problem of source separation for music using deep learning with four known sources: drums, bass, vocals and other accompaniments. State-of-the-art approaches predict soft masks over mixture spectrograms while methods working on the waveform are lagging behind as measured on the standard MusDB benchmark. Our contribution is two fold. (i) We introduce a simple convolutional and recurrent model that outperforms the state-of-the-art model on waveforms, that is, Wave-U-Net, by 1.6 points of SDR (signal to distortion ratio). (ii) We propose a new scheme to leverage unlabeled music. We t…
Training a Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) for a new domain from scratch requires an enormous amount of training data and days of training time. To this end, we propose DAWSON, a Domain Adaptive FewShot Generation FrameworkFor GANs based on meta-learning. A major challenge of applying meta-learning GANs is to obtain gradients for the generator from evaluating it on development sets due to the likelihood-free nature of GANs. To address this challenge, we propose an alternative GAN training procedure that naturally combines the two-step training procedure of GANs and the two-step training …
The University of Sheffield（谢菲尔德大学）；Universität Koblenz（科布伦茨大学）
Hit song prediction, one of the emerging fields in music information retrieval (MIR), remains a considerable challenge. Being able to understand what makes a given song a hit is clearly beneficial to the whole music industry. Previous approaches to hit song prediction have focused on using audio features of a record. This study aims to improve the prediction result of the top 10 hits among Billboard Hot 100 songs using more alternative metadata, including song audio features provided by Spotify, song lyrics, and novel metadata-based features (title topic, popularity continuity and genre class)…
Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)（韩国科学技术院）
Music tag words that describe music audio by text have different levels of abstraction. Taking this issue into account, we propose a music classification approach that aggregates multi-level and multi-scale features using pre-trained feature extractors. In particular, the feature extractors are trained in sample-level deep convolutional neural networks using raw waveforms. We show that this approach achieves state-of-the-art results on several music classification datasets.
Rice University（莱斯大学）；University of Texas, Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）
Recent papers have suggested that transfer learning can outperform sophisticated meta-learning methods for few-shot image classification. We take this hypothesis to its logical conclusion, and suggest the use of an ensemble of high-quality, pre-trained feature extractors for few-shot image classification. We show experimentally that a library of pre-trained feature extractors combined with a simple feed-forward network learned with an L2-regularizer can be an excellent option for solving cross-domain few-shot image classification. Our experimental results suggest that this simpler sample-effic…
We introduce a method to provide vectorial representations of visual classification tasks which can be used to reason about the nature of those tasks and their relations. Given a dataset with ground-truth labels and a loss function defined over those labels, we process images through a "probe network" and compute an embedding based on estimates of the Fisher information matrix associated with the probe network parameters. This provides a fixed-dimensional embedding of the task that is independent of details such as the number of classes and does not require any understanding of the class label…
Automatic music generation systems have gained in popularity and sophistication as advances in cloud computing have enabled large-scale complex computations such as deep models and optimization algorithms on personal devices. Yet, they still face an important challenge, that of long-term structure, which is key to conveying a sense of musical coherence. We present the MorpheuS music generation system designed to tackle this problem. MorpheuS' novel framework has the ability to generate polyphonic pieces with a given tension profile and long- and short-term repeated pattern structures. A mathem…
In the context of music information retrieval, similarity-based approaches are useful for a variety of tasks that benefit from a query-by-example scenario. Music however, naturally decomposes into a set of semantically meaningful factors of variation. Current representation learning strategies pursue the disentanglement of such factors from deep representations, resulting in highly interpretable models. This allows the modeling of music similarity perception, which is highly subjective and multi-dimensional. While the focus of prior work is on metadata driven notions of similarity, we suggest …
Fudan University（复旦大学）；University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University of California San Diego（加利福尼亚大学圣地亚哥分校）；NYU Shanghai（上海纽约大学）
With recent breakthroughs in artificial neural networks, deep generative models have become one of the leading techniques for computational creativity. Despite very promising progress on image and short sequence generation, symbolic music generation remains a challenging problem since the structure of compositions are usually complicated. In this study, we attempt to solve the melody generation problem constrained by the given chord progression. This music meta-creation problem can also be incorporated into a plan recognition system with user inputs and predictive structural outputs. In partic…
We address the challenging open problem of learning an effective latent space for symbolic music data in generative music modeling. We focus on leveraging adversarial regularization as a flexible and natural mean to imbue variational autoencoders with context information concerning music genre and style. Through the paper, we show how Gaussian mixtures taking into account music metadata information can be used as an effective prior for the autoencoder latent space, introducing the first Music Adversarial Autoencoder (MusAE). The empirical analysis on a large scale benchmark shows that our mode…
MusicSem: A Semantically Rich Language--Audio Dataset of Natural Music Descriptions
University of Rochester（罗切斯特大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；SJTU Paris Elite Institute of Technology（上海科技技术巴黎精英学院）；Singapore Management University（新加坡管理学院）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）
Meta-learning algorithms produce feature extractors which achieve state-of-the-art performance on few-shot classification. While the literature is rich with meta-learning methods, little is known about why the resulting feature extractors perform so well. We develop a better understanding of the underlying mechanics of meta-learning and the difference between models trained using meta-learning and models which are trained classically. In doing so, we introduce and verify several hypotheses for why meta-learned models perform better. Furthermore, we develop a regularizer which boosts the perfor…
Music Information Retrieval (MIR) is a collaborative scientific study that help to build innovative information research themes, novel frameworks, and developing connected delivery mechanisms in addition to making the world's massive collection of music open for everyone. Modern rock music proved to be difficult to estimate tempo and chord recognition did not work. All of the findings indicate that modern rock and metal music can be analysed, despite its complexity, but that further research is needed in this area to make it useful. Using a neural network has been one of the simplest ways of d…
Symbolic music datasets are important for music information retrieval and musical analysis. However, there is a lack of large-scale symbolic datasets for classical piano music. In this article, we create a GiantMIDI-Piano (GP) dataset containing 38,700,838 transcribed notes and 10,855 unique solo piano works composed by 2,786 composers. We extract the names of music works and the names of composers from the International Music Score Library Project (IMSLP). We search and download their corresponding audio recordings from the internet. We further create a curated subset containing 7,236 works c…
In this work, we thoroughly evaluate the efficacy of pretrained neural networks as feature extractors for anomalous sound detection. In doing so, we leverage the knowledge that is contained in these neural networks to extract semantically rich features (representations) that serve as input to a Gaussian Mixture Model which is used as a density estimator to model normality. We compare feature extractors that were trained on data from various domains, namely: images, environmental sounds and music. Our approach is evaluated on recordings from factory machinery such as valves, pumps, sliders and …
Content-based Controls For Music Large Language Modeling
New York University Shanghai（上海纽约大学）；Mohamed bin Zayed University of Artificial Intelligence（穆罕默德·本·扎耶德人工智能大学）；Queen Mary University of London（伦敦玛丽女王大学）
MIDI-LLaMA: An Instruction-Following Multimodal LLM for Symbolic Music Understanding
SensiLab, Monash University, Australia（Monash大学）；University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom（Sussex大学）；School of Computing and Information Systems, The University of Melbourne, Australia（墨尔本大学计算机与信息系统学院）
Universitat Pompeu Fabra（庞培法布拉大学）；Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学）
Flamenco is a music tradition from Southern Spain which attracts a growing community of enthusiasts around the world. Its unique melodic and rhythmic elements, the typically spontaneous and improvised interpretation and its diversity regarding styles make this still largely undocumented art form a particularly interesting material for musicological studies. In prior works it has already been demonstrated that research on computational analysis of flamenco music, despite it being a relatively new field, can provide powerful tools for the discovery and diffusion of this genre. In this paper we p…
We introduce the Free Music Archive (FMA), an open and easily accessible dataset suitable for evaluating several tasks in MIR, a field concerned with browsing, searching, and organizing large music collections. The community's growing interest in feature and end-to-end learning is however restrained by the limited availability of large audio datasets. The FMA aims to overcome this hurdle by providing 917 GiB and 343 days of Creative Commons-licensed audio from 106,574 tracks from 16,341 artists and 14,854 albums, arranged in a hierarchical taxonomy of 161 genres. It provides full-length and hi…
ViTex: Visual Texture Control for Multi-Track Symbolic Music Generation via Discrete Diffusion Models
School of EECS, Peking University（电子工程系，北京大学）；Music X Lab, MBZUAI（音乐X实验室，MBZUAI）；Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, New York University（数学科学学院，纽约大学）
