为远红外带来高空间分辨率--天体物理学的一次巨大飞跃
Bringing high spatial resolution to the Far-infrared -- A giant leap for astrophysics
摘要：
远红外波段是不存在亚弧秒空间分辨率天文数据的少数波长范围之一。SPICA、Millimetron和O.S.T.将解决这个问题。然而，对于许多研究领域来说，FIR中高空间和光谱分辨率的信息，从原子精细结构线，从高激发的一氧化碳（CO），光散射，特别是从水线中获取，将为变革性科学打开大门。一个主要的主题将是追踪水在原行星盘中的作用，从观测上推进我们对行星形成过程的理解，以及与此密切相关的通往宜居行星和生命出现的途径。此外，关键的观测将放大到我们自己的银河系以及外部星系中恒星形成过程的物理和化学。FIR提供了独特的工具，特别是研究加热，冷却和冲击的能量学。这些示踪剂中的速度分辨数据将以空间分辨的方式揭示这些过程中根深蒂固的详细动力学，并将与较冷稠密气体的地面分子线数据产生完美的协同作用。
英文摘要：
The far-infrared (FIR) regime is one of the few wavelength ranges where no astronomical data with sub-arcsecond spatial resolution exist. Neither of the medium-term satellite projects like SPICA, Millimetron nor O.S.T. will resolve this malady. For many research areas, however, information at high spatial and spectral resolution in the FIR, taken from atomic fine-structure lines, from highly excited carbon monoxide (CO), light hydrids, and especially from water lines would open the door for transformative science. A main theme will be to trace the role of water in proto-planetary disks, to observationally advance our understanding of the planet formation process and, intimately related to that, the pathways to habitable planets and the emergence of life. Furthermore, key observations will zoom into the physics and chemistry of the star-formation process in our own Galaxy, as well as in external galaxies. The FIR provides unique tools to investigate in particular the energetics of heating, cooling and shocks. The velocity-resolved data in these tracers will reveal the detailed dynamics engrained in these processes in a spatially resolved fashion, and will deliver the perfect synergy with ground-based molecular line data for the colder dense gas.
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