$^{163}$Ho 电子俘获谱的从头算：向连续态的 Auger-Meitner 衰变
Ab initio calculation of the electron capture spectrum of 163Ho: Auger-Meitner decay into continuum states
AI总结：
本研究提出一种从头算方法，计算$^{163}$Ho电子俘获谱中Auger-Meitner衰变导致的核衰变修正，揭示共振不对称线形的主要成因，为电子中微子质量测定提供理论支撑。
摘要：
通过$^{163}$Ho的电子俘获确定电子中微子质量，依赖于对微分电子俘获核衰变速率的准确理解，该速率是总衰变能在中微子与电子激发之间分布的函数。由于存在带芯空穴的局域原子多重态，所得谱以共振为主。电子间的库仑散射通过Auger-Meitner衰变将离散原子态耦合到含自由电子的末态。原子多重态的能量高于自电离能，因此代表这些离散能级的δ函数转变为洛伦兹型、Mahan型和Fano型线形的叠加。我们提出了一种从头算（ab initio）方法，用于计算此类过程导致的核衰变修正。该方法包含局域原子轨道中具有多个关联空穴的态与未束缚Auger-Meitner电子的相互作用。研究发现共振存在强的能量依赖不对称展宽，与近期实验结果吻合良好。我们对决定最终谱线形的机制进行了详细分析，讨论了不同共振之间的Fano干涉，以及Auger-Meitner库仑矩阵元的能量依赖性。研究表明，后一种机制是导致$^{163}$Ho电子俘获谱中共振不对称线形的主要通道。
英文摘要：
Determining the electron neutrino mass by electron capture in $^{163}$Ho relies on an accurate understanding of the differential electron capture nuclear decay rate as a function of the distribution of the total decay energy between the neutrino and electronic excitations. The resulting spectrum is dominated by resonances due to local atomic multiplet states with core holes. Coulomb scattering between electrons couple the discrete atomic states, via Auger-Meitner decay, to final states with free electrons. The atomic multiplets are above the auto-ionisation energy, such that the delta functions representing these discrete levels turn into a superposition of Lorentzian, Mahan- and Fano-like line-shapes. We present an \textit{ab initio} method to calculate nuclear decay modifications due to such processes. It includes states with multiple correlated holes in local atomic orbitals interacting with unbound Auger-Meitner electrons. A strong energy-dependent, asymmetric broadening of the resonances in good agreement with recent experiments is found. We present a detailed analysis of the mechanisms determining the final spectral line-shape and discuss both the Fano interference between different resonances, as well as the energy dependence of the Auger-Meitner Coulomb matrix elements. The latter mechanism is shown to be the dominant channel responsible for the asymmetric line-shape of the resonances in the electron capture spectrum of $^{163}$Ho.
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