网络采用补贴的效应：来自卢旺达数字痕迹的证据
The Effect of Network Adoption Subsidies: Evidence from Digital Traces in Rwanda
AI总结：
本文利用卢旺达主导手机网络的53亿条交易记录评估手机采用补贴，发现受补贴手机被重视且存在显著网络溢出，并比较了不同网络定向策略。
摘要：
各国政府花费数十亿美元补贴不同商品的采用。然而，很难判断这些商品是否被转售，或是否受到最终接收者的重视。本项目研究了一项在世界上最贫穷国家之一补贴手机采用的计划。卢旺达为选定的农村地区补贴了相当于手机存量8%的手机。我们利用来自主导移动电话网络的53亿条交易记录分析该计划。交易记录揭示了受补贴手机最终在何处使用、使用多少，以及转售指标。一些受补贴手机从其被分配的农村地区流向城市中心，但受补贴手机的使用量与按零售价购买的手机一样多，表明它们受到重视。接收者与那些付费购买手机的人相似，但彼此之间高度互联。随后，我们使用一个网络需求系统模拟福利效应，该系统考虑了每个人的采用如何影响网络中的其他人。溢出效应是巨大的：补贴产生的运营商收入中有73-76%来自非接收者。我们将已实施的补贴计划与基于不同网络启发式方法的反事实定向分配进行了比较。
英文摘要：
Governments spend billions of dollars subsidizing the adoption of different goods. However, it is difficult to gauge whether those goods are resold, or are valued by their ultimate recipients. This project studies a program to subsidize the adoption of mobile phones in one of the poorest countries in the world. Rwanda subsidized the equivalent of 8% of the stock of mobile phones for select rural areas. We analyze the program using 5.3 billion transaction records from the dominant mobile phone network. Transaction records reveal where and how much subsidized handsets were ultimately used, and indicators of resale. Some subsidized handsets drifted from the rural areas where they were allocated to urban centers, but the subsidized handsets were used as much as handsets purchased at retail prices, suggesting they were valued. Recipients are similar to those who paid for phones, but are highly connected to each other. We then simulate welfare effects using a network demand system that accounts for how each person's adoption affects the rest of the network. Spillovers are substantial: 73-76% of the operator revenue generated by the subsidy comes from nonrecipients. We compare the enacted subsidy program to counterfactual targeting based on different network heuristics.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
