“更高”地位的语言并不总是获胜：英语在印度的衰落和印地语的崛起
The "higher" status language does not always win: The fall of English in India and the rise of Hindi
摘要：
经典语言动力学将语言转换解释为说话者采用较高地位语言代替较低地位语言的过程。这是有据可查的，英语已经超过了苏格兰盖尔语、威尔士语和汉语。1961年至1991年的印度人口普查报告显示，印地语/英语双语者急剧增加，这表明英语在印度正在崛起，并正在超越印地语。然而，1991年至2011年的数据显示，双语人数已经饱和，而单语印地语者继续呈指数增长。为了捕捉这种反直觉的动态，我们提出了一种新的语言动态模型之间的互动单语印地语发言人和印地语/英语双语，它捕捉了印度人口普查数据的近50年的完美精度，优于最知名的语言动态模型从文献中。因此，我们提供了第一个例子，一个较低的地位语言已经超过了一个较高的地位语言。
英文摘要：
Classical language dynamics explains language shift as a process in which speakers adopt a higher status language in lieu of a lower status language. This is well documented with English having out-competed languages such as Scottish Gaelic, Welsh and Mandarin. The 1961-1991 Indian censuses report a sharp increase in Hindi/English Bilinguals, suggesting that English is on the rise in India - and is out-competing Hindi. However, the 1991 - 2011 data shows that Bilingual numbers have saturated, while Monolingual Hindi speakers continue to rise exponentially. To capture this counter-intuitive dynamic, we propose a novel language dynamics model of interaction between Monolingual Hindi speakers and Hindi/English Bilinguals, which captures the Indian census data of the last 50 years with near perfect accuracy, outperforming the best known language dynamics models from the literature. We thus provide a first example of a lower status language having out competed a higher status language.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
