GeV尺度下引力宇称对称性的引力波意义
Gravitational-Wave Implications for the Parity Symmetry of Gravity at GeV Scale
摘要：
爱因斯坦的广义相对论作为最成功的引力理论，是现代物理学的基石之一。然而，在高能区的重力实验测试是有限的。新兴的引力波天文学为研究强动力场，特别是高能区引力的基本性质开辟了一条途径。本文用引力波检验引力的宇称守恒。如果宇称对称性被破坏，引力波的左手和右手模式将遵循不同的运动方程，称为双折射。我们执行完整的贝叶斯推断，通过比较国家的最先进的波形与奇偶违反与紧凑的二进制聚结数据发布的LIGO和Virgo合作。我们没有发现任何违反广义相对论的情况，从而通过引力波的速度双折射将宇称违反能标的下限限制为$0.09$ GeV。这是迄今为止对引力宇称对称性最严格的实验检验。我们还发现，第三代引力波探测器可以提高这个绑定到$\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ GeV，如果仍然没有违反，相当于目前的大型强子对撞机的能量尺度在粒子物理学，这表明引力波天文学可以迎来一个新的时代，测试在高能区的引力紫外行为。
英文摘要：
Einstein's general relativity, as the most successful theory of gravity, is one of the cornerstones of modern physics. However, the experimental tests for gravity in the high energy region are limited. The emerging gravitational-wave astronomy has opened an avenue for probing the fundamental properties of gravity in strong and dynamical field, and in particular, high energy regime. In this work, we test the parity conservation of gravity with gravitational waves. If the parity symmetry is broken, the left- and right-handed modes of gravitational waves would follow different equations of motion, dubbed as birefringence. We perform full Bayesian inference by comparing the state-of-the-art waveform with parity violation with the compact binary coalescence data released by LIGO and Virgo collaboration. We do not find any violations of general relativity, thus constrain the lower bound of the parity-violating energy scale to be $0.09$ GeV through the velocity birefringence of gravitational waves. This provides the most stringent experimental test of gravitational parity symmetry up to date. We also find third generation gravitational-wave detectors can enhance this bound to $\mathcal{O}(10^2)$ GeV if there is still no violation, comparable to the current LHC energy scale in particle physics, which indicates gravitational-wave astronomy can usher in a new era of testing the ultraviolet behavior of gravity in the high energy region.
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