受沿固定直线作用的力的结构，或“Reut柱问题”
Structures loaded with a force acting along a fixed straight line, or the "Reut's column problem"
摘要：
弹性双摆受到沿固定直线作用的力，即所谓的“Reut柱问题”，是一种表现出颤振和发散不稳定性的结构，这在实践中从未实现，因此争论是否代表现实或仅仅是猜测。它示出，无论是理论上和实验上，如何获得Reut的负载，通过利用接触摩擦的刚性叶片对自由旋转的圆柱形约束，其轴向移动以恒定的速度，一个动作回忆说，弓的头发上的小提琴弦。有了这个实验装置，颤振和发散不稳定性，以及粘性对临界载荷的不利影响，无可争议地被记录下来，从而结束了长期的争论。这一结果开辟了一个新的研究领域，具有应用前景的机械致动器，高精度刀具，或能量收集装置。
英文摘要：
An elastic double pendulum subject to a force acting along a fixed straight line, the so-called "Reut's column problem", is a structure exhibiting flutter and divergence instability, which was never realized in practice and thus debated whether to represent reality or mere speculation. It is shown, both theoretically and experimentally, how to obtain the Reut's loading by exploiting the contact with friction of a rigid blade against a freely-rotating cylindrical constraint, which moves axially at constant speed, an action recalling that of a bow's hair on a violin string. With this experimental set-up, flutter and divergence instabilities, as well as the detrimental effect of viscosity on critical loads, are documented indisputably, thus bringing an end to a long debate. This result opens a new research area, with perspective applications to mechanical actuators, high-precision cutting tools, or energy harvesting devices.
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